Armillaria (Fr.) Staude
(honey fungi)

Subtaxon	Rank	No of images	No of ID refs
Armillaria borealis Northern Honey Fungus	Species		1 ident. refs
Armillaria ectypa Marsh Honey Fungus	Species	11 images	3 ident. refs
Armillaria gallica Bulbous Honey Fungus	Species	2 images
Armillaria mellea Honey Fungus	Species	43 images	2 ident. refs
Armillaria ostoyae Dark Honey Fungus	Species	11 images
Armillaria tabescens Ringless Honey Fungus	Species	21 images	1 ident. refs
Armillaria (unidentified) Unidentified Honey Fungi	Unidentified	5 images

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Genus	Armillaria (honey fungi)
Family	PHYSALACRIACEAE (a family of toadstools and chanterelles)
Order	AGARICALES (mushrooms and toadstools)
Subclass	AGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
Class	AGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Armillaria is also a member of:
Macromycetes - larger fungi, macrofungi (via Agaricales)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

Identification Works

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Fox, R.T.V.	1990	Fungal foes in your garden no 10: Honey Fungus root rot	Mycologist Vol 04 (4): 194.
	Kibby, G.	2013	Fungal Portraits no 53; Armillaria borealis	Field Mycology vol 14 (1): 3-4.
	Orton, P.D.	1980	Notes on British Agarics: VII	Notes R.B.G. Edinburgh Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh Vol 38 (3): 315-330.
()	Termorshuizen, A.J.		Armillaria (Fr:Fr) Staude, Schwämme MItteldeutschl.: XXVIII, 180, 1857	Bas, C. & Kuyper, T.W. Tricholomataceae R. Heim ex Pouz. (continuation), 8pp, Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 3
	Watling, R.	1976	* Pilot Scheme (experimental key to Armillaria) *(Superseded)	Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. 10 (1): 43-44.
	West, J.S., Hughes, C. & Fox, R.T.V.	2000	Armillaria mellea can infect the perennial weed, Rumex obtusifolius, in the UK	New Disease Reports Vol 1.

Armillaria (honey fungi) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PHYSALACRIACEAE
(a family of toadstools and chanterelles)

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Armillaria (honey fungi)

BioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 162 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for Armillaria (honey fungi)

An aggregate of species some of which are thought to be serious parasites which cause the death of their host tree while others are saprobic or even mycorrhizal species. The component species require culturing to distinguish.

Confirmation of the common Honey Fungus, Armillaria mellea, requires microscopic examination to check that there are no clamp connections at the base of the basidia. Congo Red in dilute ammonia is a suitable mountant. Place a tiny fragment of gill in the Congo Red, apply the cover slip and gently press with the end of a pencil. Leave for a few minutes to stain and soften, then, ideally, run in water (or dilute ammonia) before squashing again, harder this time, until the tissue breaks up and the basidia separate. (Take care as splashes of Congo Red will permanently stain clothing.) Examine under at least x40 objective.

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Taxonomic hierarchy:

Armillaria is also a member of:

Identification Works

BioImages - Virtual Field-Guide (UK)