Daldinia Ces. & De Not.
(cramp-balls)

Subtaxon				Example images	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of images	No of ID refs
Daldinia concentrica King Alfred’s Cake, Cramp-ball					Species		7 images	2 ident. refs
Daldinia fissa Gorse Cramp Ball					Species		18 images	1 ident. refs

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Genus	Daldinia (cramp-balls)
Family	XYLARIACEAE (a family of stromatic pyrenomycetes)
Order	XYLARIALES (an order of pyrenomycetes)
Subclass	SORDARIOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of ascomycetes and lichens)
Class	SORDARIOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Daldinia is also a member of:
Pyrenomycetes - charcoal fungi (via Sordariomycetes)
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

Identification Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Stadler, M. & Fournier, J.	2009	Dichotomous key to European species of Daldinia
Stadler, M., Baumgartner, M. & Wollweber, H.	2001	Three new Daldinia species with yellowish stromatal pigments	Mycotaxon 80: 179-196.
Stadler, M., Baumgartner, M., Wollweber, H., Ju, Y.-m. & Rogers, J.D.	2001	Daldinia decipiens sp.nov. and notes on some other European Daldinia spp. inhabiting Betulaceae	Mycotaxon 80: 167-177.
Stadler, M., et al	2004	Cryptic species related to Daldinia concentrica and D. eschscholzii, with notes on D. bakeri	Mycol. Res. Vol 108 (3): 257-273.
Stadler, M., Wollweber, H., Mühlbauer, A., Henkel, T., Asakawa, Y., Hashimoto, T	2001	Secondary metabolite profiles, genetic fingerprints and taxonomy of Daldinia and allies	Mycotaxon 77: 379-429.

Daldinia (cramp-balls) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

XYLARIACEAE
(a family of stromatic pyrenomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Pyrenomycetes
(charcoal fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Daldinia (cramp-balls)

BioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 45 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for Daldinia (cramp-balls)

Check the ascoma for purple or yellow KOH-extractable pigments.

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Photographs from other photographers are used with permission but not included under the above CC licence.

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Daldinia is also a member of:

Identification Works

BioImages - Virtual Field-Guide (UK)