Clitocybe rivulosa (Pers.) P. Kumm.
(Fool’s Funnel)

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesClitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
GenusClitocybe (funnel caps)
FamilyTRICHOLOMATACEAE (a family of toadstools)
OrderAGARICALES (mushrooms and toadstools)
SubclassAGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
ClassAGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
SubphylumAGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
PhylumBASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
KingdomFUNGI (true fungi)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
Records of Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel) :
1: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
21 Oct 2005 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
Group of 7 fruitbodies, in species-rich short grassland . Photos: Non-crazed form: close-ups, FeSO4 test, spores.
Image 1: Arrangement - moist fruitbodiesImage 2: Fruitbody - side view showing gills - close-upImage 3: Gills + FeSO4 - close-up - pale backgroundImage 4: Gills - close-up - pale backgroundImage 5: Cap - moist - close-up - enlargedImage 6: Fruitbody - side view showing gills - close-up - enlargedImage 7: Spores - magnifiedImage 8: Spores - magnified (2)
2: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
21 Oct 2005 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
Group of 5 fruitbodies, in species-rich short grassland . Photos: Non-crazed form: close-ups, FeSO4 test, spores.
Image 1: Arrangement - moist fruitbodiesImage 2: Cap - moist - close-upImage 3: Fruitbody - lain down to show gills - close-upImage 4: Gills + FeSO4 - close-up - pale backgroundImage 5: Gills - close-up - pale backgroundImage 6: Spores - magnifiedImage 7: Spores - magnified (2)Image 8: Spores - highly magnified
3: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
17 Oct 2005 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
Fruitbodies with slightly crazed caps . Photos: toadstools: in situ, lain down, close-ups, FeSO4 test, spores
Image 1: Cap - in situ - close-upImage 2: Caps - in situ - close-upImage 3: Fruitbodies - in situImage 4: Fruitbodies - lain down - close-upImage 5: Fruitbody - lain down - close-upImage 6: Fruitbody - lain down to show gills - close-upImage 7: Gills + FeSO4 - fresh - close-up - enlargedImage 8: Gills + FeSO4 - minute or so later - close-up - enlargedImage 9: Gills + FeSO4 - several minutes later - close-up - enlargedImage 10: Spores - magnifiedImage 11: Spores - magnified (2)Image 12: Spores - highly magnifiedImage 13: Spores - highly magnified (2)
4: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
17 Oct 2005 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
Fruitbodies with almost uncrazed caps . Photos: toadstools: in situ, lain down, close-ups
Image 1: Cap - in situ - close-upImage 2: Cap - in situ - close-up (2)Image 3: Fruitbodies - lain down - close-upImage 4: Fruitbodies - lain down showing gills - close-up
5: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
17 Oct 2005 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
Fourteen moist fruitbodies with strongly crazed caps, with Glaucous Sedge . Photos: toadstools: in situ, lain down, close-ups
Image 1: Cap - dry - pale backgroundImage 2: Cap - top view - in situ - close-upImage 3: Fruitbodies - in situImage 4: Fruitbodies - lain down - close-upImage 5: Fruitbody - lain down to show gills - close-upImage 6: Cap - top view - in situ - close-up - enlarged
6: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
29 Sep 1998 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
among moss (Tortula ruralis)
Image 1: CapImage 2: Cap - LSImage 3: CapsImage 4: Cap surface - close-upImage 5: FruitbodiesImage 6: FruitbodyImage 7: Fruitbody - LSImage 8: Fruitbody - LS (2)Image 9: GillsImage 10: Gills - close-upImage 11: SporesImage 12: Spores (2)
7: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
13 Oct 1997 OSGR: SU57 51° 30’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
Image 1: CapImage 2: Cap (2)Image 3: Cap - close-upImage 4: CapsImage 5: FruitbodiesImage 6: FruitbodyImage 7: Fruitbody (2)Image 8: Fruitbody (3)Image 9: Fruitbody - LSImage 10: Gills
8: Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
29 Sep 1975 OSGR: SD76 54° 10’ N, 2° 20’ W Vice County: Mid-west Yorks (VC 64) England
in grassland
Image 1: In situImage 2: Side view - in situImage 3: Upturned

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Reid, D.A. 1985 Canine poisoning by Clitocybe species Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 19 (2): 117-118.

Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)
BioInfoBioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 1 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for Clitocybe rivulosa (Fool’s Funnel)

The common small white toadstool of grassland. It is distinguished by the white cap often mottled with pinkish ochre patches and/or concentric cracks where the underlying tissue shows. The species is deadly poisonous, containing ’Muscarine’, the chemical originally thought to be the poisonous principle in Amanita muscaria. All white Clitocybes should be stringently avoided when collecting for the table.

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