Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen, 1826)
(Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly)

Interactions where Urophora quadrifasciata is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea	knapweeds and star-thistles	Asterales: Asteraceae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea/	Centaurea	knapweeds and star-thistles			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea aspera	Rough Star-thistle	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea aspera/	Centaurea aspera	rough star-thistle			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea calcitrapa	Red Star-thistle	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea calcitrapa/	Centaurea calcitrapa	red star-thistle			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea cyanus	Cornflower	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea cyanus/	Centaurea cyanus	cornflower			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea debeauxii	Chalk Knapweed, Slender Knapweed	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Confirmed abroad, probable in UK/Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea debeauxii/	Centaurea debeauxii	chalk knapweed, slender knapweed			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea jacea	Brown Knapweed	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea jacea/	Centaurea jacea	brown knapweed			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)	common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/	Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)	common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads			capitulum		Major
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea paniculata	Jersey Knapweed	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea paniculata/	Centaurea paniculata	Jersey knapweed	?		capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea scabiosa	Greater Knapweed	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea scabiosa/	Centaurea scabiosa	greater knapweed			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Centaurea solstitialis	Yellow Star-thistle	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea solstitialis/	Centaurea solstitialis	yellow star-thistle			capitulum
larva		larva causes gall of capitulum			Serratula tinctoria	Saw-wort	Asterales: Asteraceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/	Urophora quadrifasciata	four-banded knapweed gall-fly				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Serratula tinctoria/	Serratula tinctoria	saw-wort			capitulum

Author & Year	Title	Source
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Urophora quadrifasciata (Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

Urophora quadrifasciata (Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Urophora quadrifasciata (Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly)
Genus	Urophora (a genus of gall flies)
Family	TEPHRITIDAE (gall-flies, greater fruit flies)
Superfamily	TEPHRITOIDEA (lance and picture-wing flies)
Infraorder	Schizophora - Acalyptratae (an infraorder of flies)
Order	DIPTERA (two-winged flies)
Division	Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
Infraclass	Neoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
Subclass	PTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
Class	INSECTA (true insects)
Subphylum	HEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
Phylum	ARTHROPODA (arthropods)
Superphylum	ECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
Clade	Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
Subkingdom	EUMETAZOA (metazoans)
Kingdom	ANIMALIA (animals)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Urophora quadrifasciata is also a member of:
Invertebrates - Invertebrates (via Arthropoda)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Urophora quadrifasciata (Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly)

Urophora quadrifasciata (Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

TEPHRITIDAE
(gall-flies, greater fruit flies)

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Urophora quadrifasciata (Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly):

TEPHRITIDAE
(gall-flies, greater fruit flies)

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

PTERYGOTA
(bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

EUMETAZOA
(metazoans)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 22 images of Urophora quadrifasciata (Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly)

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