Pieris Schrank, 1801
(whites)

Interactions where Pieris is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Foreign Epicampocera succincta a parasitoid fly Diptera: Tachinidae /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tachinidae/Epicampocera succincta/Epicampocera succinctaa parasitoid flylarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoidForeign /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris (Zoo.)/Pieris (Zoo.)whiteslarva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva (young) is endoparasitoid host of larva Restricted Cotesia glomerata a death wasp Hymenoptera: Braconidae Life-history traits in closely related secondary parasitoids sharing the same primary parasitoid host: evolutionary opportunities and constraints, Harvey, J.A., Wagenaar, R. & Bezemer, T.M., 2009
Molecular phylogeny of Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) parasitoids associated with Melitaeini butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Melitaeini), Kankare, M. & Shaw, M.R., 2003
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Braconidae/Cotesia glomerata/Cotesia glomerataa death wasplarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris (Zoo.)/Pieris (Zoo.)whiteslarva (young)Sole larva is endoparasitoid of larva (young)

Author & YearTitleSource
Harvey, J.A., Wagenaar, R. & Bezemer, T.M., 2009Life-history traits in closely related secondary parasitoids sharing the same primary parasitoid host: evolutionary opportunities and constraintsEntomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Vol 132: 155-164.
Kankare, M. & Shaw, M.R., 2003Molecular phylogeny of Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) parasitoids associated with Melitaeini butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Melitaeini)Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

Pieris (whites) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Pieris (whites) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Pieris brassicae
Large White Butterfly
Species 11 trophisms 3 references
Pieris napi
Green-veined White Butterfly
Species 2 trophisms
Pieris rapae
Small White Butterfly
Species 5 trophisms
[Pieris brassicae/rapae]
a white butterfly
Informal 2 subtaxa 7 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusPieris (whites)
TribePierini (white butterflies)
SubfamilyPIERINAE (orange-tip and white butterflies)
FamilyPIERIDAE (white butterflies, brimstones, and orange-tips)
SuperfamilyPAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies)
SuborderGLOSSATA (a suborder of moths)
OrderLEPIDOPTERA (butterflies and moths)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Pieris (whites)

Pieris (whites) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Pieris (whites):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 111 images of Pieris (whites)
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