[Macromycetes]
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Subtaxon Example images Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
images
No of
ID refs
 (Click to open)
Family 11 subtaxa 117 images 9 ident. refs
 (Click to open)
Genus 21 subtaxa 212 images 19 ident. refs
Cap (Click to open)
Order 1,247 subtaxa 15,437 images 1,642 ident. refs
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Family 148 subtaxa 1,315 images 161 ident. refs
Fruitbody (Click to open)
Family 3 subtaxa 63 images 6 ident. refs
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Family 12 subtaxa 99 images 20 ident. refs
 (Click to open)
Family 68 subtaxa 1,018 images 124 ident. refs
Fruitbody (Click to open)
Family 4 subtaxa 98 images 3 ident. refs
Fruitbody (Click to open)
Family 7 subtaxa 20 images 13 ident. refs
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Family 3 subtaxa 20 images 2 ident. refs
 (Click to open)
Order 47 subtaxa 272 images 62 ident. refs
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Order 5 subtaxa 71 images 11 ident. refs
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Family 32 subtaxa 252 images 46 ident. refs
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Order 183 subtaxa 2,016 images 229 ident. refs
Fruitbody (Click to open)
Order 34 subtaxa 220 images 62 ident. refs
 (Click to open)
Order 11 subtaxa 105 images 20 ident. refs
Taxonomic hierarchy:
Informal[Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi)
KingdomFUNGI (true fungi)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
() Bon, M. 1987 The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-western Europe 351pp, Hodder & Stoughton
Boudier 1905 Icones mycologicæ, ou Iconographie des champignons de France principalement Discomycetes Librarie des Sciences Naturelles Icones Mycologicae Vol I-IV.
Bresadola, G. 1927 *** Iconographia Mycologica ***(Superseded)
Brightman, F.H. & Nicholson, B.E. 1966 The Oxford Book of Flowerless Plants The Oxford Books, 208pp, Oxford University Press
() Buczacki, S. 2012 Collins Fungi Guide 640pp, HarperCollins
Cetto, B. 1970 Funghi Dal Vero 7 volumes, 4994pp
() Courtecuisse, R. & Duhem, B. 1995 Mushrooms & Toadstools of Britain & Europe Collins Field Guide, 480pp, HarperCollins
Courtecuisse, R. 1999 Mushrooms of Britain and Europe 904pp, HarperCollins
Dähncke, R.M. & S.M. 1980 700 Pilze in Farbfotos 686pp, AT Verlag Aarau
Dam, N., Kuyper, T.W. 2013 Veldgids Paddenstoelen: Plaatjeszwammen en Boleten Veldgids (Field Guides), 423pp, KNNV Publishing
Goodwin, L. Leif Goodwin Photography www.leifgoodwin.co.uk/Title%20Page/MainPage.html
Grünert, H. & R. 1991 Field Guide to Mushrooms of Britain and Europe 288pp, Crowood Press Ltd.
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H (Eds) 1992 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 2 (Polyp., Bolet., Agaric., Russ.) Nordic Macromycetes, 2, 474pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H 1997 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.) Nordic Macromycetes, 3, 444pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Henrici, A. 2002 Update on Roger Phillips’ Mushrooms and other fungi of Gt. Britain & Europe, further additions and corrections Field Mycology Vol 3 (4): 137-139.
Keizer, G. 1997 Encyclopedia of Fungi 286pp, Rebo Productions
Laessøe, T. & del Conte, A. 1996 The Mushroom Book 256pp, Dorling Kindersley
() Lange, J.E. 1935 Flora Agaricina Danica (5 volumes) Danish Botanical Society
() Lange, M. & Hora, F.B. 1963 *** Mushrooms and Toadstools ***(Superseded) Second Edition edition, 257pp, Collins
Ludwig, E. 2000 Pilzkompendium - band 1 - abbildungen 1, 192pp, IHW-Verlag
() Marchand, A. 1971 Champignons du Nord et du Midi (9 volumes) over 2,000 in totalpp, Société Mycologique des Pyrénées Méditerranéenes
Orton, P.D. 1964 Notes on British Agarics II Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh Vol XXVI, No 1: 43-65.
Pacioni, G. 1985 Macdonald Encyclopedia of Mushrooms and Toadstool 512pp, Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd
() Phillips, R. 2006 Mushrooms 2nd, expanded edition of his 1981 book edition, 384pp, Macmillan
() Phillips, R. 1981 Mushrooms & other Fungi of Great Britain & Europe 287pp, Pan Books
Phillips, R. RogersMushrooms www.rogersmushrooms.com/
Svrcek, M. 1983 The Hamlyn book of Mushrooms and Toadstools 310pp, Hamlyn
Vesterholt, J. 2009 Danmarks Svampe 2nd Edition edition, 480pp, Gyldendal

Microscopy

Watling, R. 1973 Identification of the Larger Fungi Hulton Group Keys, 281pp, Hulton Educational Publications Ltd.

Regional/Europe/Italy

Goidanich, G. & Govi , G. 1997 Funghi e Ambiente: una guida per l’amatore 568pp, Edagricole

Regional/France

Anon. Base de données mycologique (mycological database) www.mycodb.fr
Anon. Clés de détermination dichotomiques (dichotomous keys) www.mycodb.fr/key.php

Regional/France/Lignicolous

Emberger, G. Fungi Growing on Wood by Gary Emberger www.mycodb.fr/key.php

Simplified Key To Genera

Anon. *** Clé simplifiée inspirée de l’ouvrage de Phillips ***(Superseded) www.mycodb.fr/key.php

[Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

BioInfoBioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 9,229 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for [Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungal specimens are best preserved by drying.

Most people use gentle warmth which can be as simple as the top of a radiator, although purpose-built driers such as those sold for drying fruit give the best results. Large fleshy species can be placed in the air stream from a fan heater for fast, effective results even with fragile species like inkcaps.

The time taken to dry varies with the method, but can be overnight for small to medium toadstools, or longer for large toadstools or brackets. Large toadstools can become sealed by a dry layer on the outside, but leaving them at room temperature for a day allows the remaining moisture to soften this skin so drying can be resumed

Specimens are dry when they become very light weight. Then it’s best to leave them at room temperature for a day to soften up, otherwise they can be very fragile.

Spore prints should be left to dry at room temperature for 10 or 15 minutes. They can then be protected by wrapping in aluminium foil if you wish. They should be kept with the dried specimen.

A month in a domestic freezer at -18°C will kill insect pests and avoid introducing them to the herbarium.

Dried material keeps reasonably well but is attacked by a variety of pests, especially booklice and mites, and to a lesser extent museum/carpet beetles. If allowed to breed unchecked they’ll reduce Russula spp to dust and strip the hymenium off everything else including ascomycetes.

Dried material is conventionally stored in paper envelopes, but this gives no protection from insects, so the envelopes need to be stored in batches in sealable plastic bags or boxes. Avoid storing the specimens directly in individual plastic bags as static electricity from handling the bags will make extracting the dried material all but impossible.

Many people do routinely freeze their herbarium from time to time to keep it free of pests.

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