BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

BIOTA (living things)

Notes (MWS)

Pronunciation of Scientific names:

Scientific names are expressed in Latin. The individual words or parts of words may be derived from other languages, eg Greek, or the names of places or people, but the resulting words are always Latinised, so it's the pronunciation of Latin that is our concern.

There are four competing conventions for pronouncing Latin (as follows, each with the appropriate pronunciation of Julius Caesar):

Anglo-Latin JOO-lee-us SEE-ser
Classical Latin (or reconstructed ancient Roman) YOO-lee-us KYE-sahr
Church Latin YOO-lee-us CHAY-sahr
The northern continental European tradition YOO-lee-us T(SAY)-sahr

Anglo-Latin (Ommundsen) and northern continental European are the preferred conventions for Latin names. These differ from both Classical Latin, which will be familiar to those who learnt Latin at school, and Church Latin which will be recognised by those who sing in choirs.

Many people pronounce occasional scientific names in other ways, and local idiosyncracies often evolve among people who work together. Naturalists rarely worry about being "book correct", but these rules are useful to answer questions about which is "right".

Personally, what I hear and say seems stick fairly closely to Anglo-Latin, but I like to make an exception where the word is obviously two words joined together, when it can be helpful to emphasise the separate parts.

Subtaxa

Rank	Taxon
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)	17493	36504	20867	10358	792	5284	85569
Superkingdom	GRAFT-TRANSMISSIBLE AGENTS	8
Species	Apple Flat Limb (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							2
Species	Apple Green Crinkle (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							1
Species	Apple Leaf Pucker (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							2
Species	Apple Rough Skin (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							1
Species	Apple Star Crack (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							2
Species	Blackcurrant Reversion disease (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							3
Species	Lettuce Big-vein (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							2
Species	Rose Wilt (a phytopathogenic graft-transmissible agent)							1
Superkingdom	MONERA (prokaryotes)	59	61	7	90		31	245
Superkingdom	VIROIDS (virus-like particles)	1
Species	Chrysanthemum Stunt viroid (a phytopathogenic viroid)							2
Superkingdom	VIRUSES (viruses)	110		2			7	513

Suggested Literature

Identification Works

Biodiversity Heritage Library: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/About.aspx	Web Site/Page
British Galls: http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/british_galls/join (Galls and gall formers)	E-forum
Plantengallen: http://www.plantengallen.com/engels.htm (Plant galls)	Web Site/Page
Systema Naturae 2000: http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/Default.aspx	Web Site/Page
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants
Pflanzengallen: http://www.pflanzengallen.de (Plant galls)	Web Site/Page
Clegg, J., 1956 (Pond life)	The Observer's Book of Pond Life
DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy: http://delta-intkey.com	Web Site/Page
FreshwaterLife: http://www.freshwaterlife.info (Freshwater species)	Web Site/Page
Greenhalgh, M. & Ovenden, D., 2007 (fresh and brackish water species)	Freshwater Life of Britain and Northern Europe
ICES Identification leaflets for Plankton: http://www.ices.dk/products/fiche/Plankton/INDEX.PDF	Web Site/Page
Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992	Plant Galls
Redfern, M. & Shirley, P., 2002	British Plant Galls - Identification of galls on plants and fungi
Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide: http://www.bioimages.org.uk	Web Site/Page
Ward H.B. & Whipple G.C., 1959	Freshwater Biology

General Works

101Science - Biological Stains: http://www.101science.com/Stains.html	Web Site/Page
Acts of the UK Parliament - Office of Public Sector Information: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts.htm	Web Site/Page
British Association of Nature Conservationists: http://www.banc.org.uk	Web Site/Page
British Naturalist Association: http://www.bna-naturalists.org/index.htm	Web Site/Page
British Naturalists Association: http://www.bna-naturalists.org	Web Site/Page
British Plant Gall Society: http://www.british-galls.org.uk (Galls and gall formers)	Web Site/Page
British Waterways: http://www.britishwaterways.co.uk	Web Site/Page
British Wildlife	Journal
BTCV - British Trust for Conservation Volunteers: http://www2.btcv.org.uk/	Web Site/Page
Countryside Council for Wales: http://www.ccw.gov.uk/	Web Site/Page
Defence Estates Website: http://www.defence-estates.mod/uk/conservation_enviro/index.htm	Web Site/Page
Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): http://www.eol.org/	Web Site/Page
English Nature's SSSI search page: http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/sssi/search.cfm	Web Site/Page
Environment Agency: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/	Web Site/Page
FBA: Freshwater Biological Association: http://www.fba.org.uk	Web Site/Page
Geograph: http://www.geograph.org.uk	Web Site/Page
Global Biodiversity Information Facility: http://www.gbif.org/	Web Site/Page
Google Earth: http://earth.google.com/	Web Site/Page
GroupAccommodation.com: http://www.groupaccommodation.com	Web Site/Page
Helicon Focus web-site: http://heliconfilter.com/pages/index.php?id=509	Web Site/Page
Integrated Taxonomic Information System: http://www.itis.usda.gov/	Web Site/Page
Internet Archive - Wayback Machine	Web Site/Page
JNCC - Joint Nature Conservation Committee: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/	Web Site/Page
Journal of Ecology (J. Ecology)	Journal
Linnean Society: http://www.linnean.org	Web Site/Page
Microscope discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/microscope/join	E-forum
Natural England: http://www.naturalengland.org.uk	Web Site/Page
Nature's Calendar: http://www.naturescalendar.org.uk	Web Site/Page
old-maps.co.uk: http://www.old-maps.co.uk	Web Site/Page
OS grid reference to vice-county conversion: http://herbariaunited.org/gridrefVC/	Web Site/Page
Scottish Natural Heritage: http://www.snh.org.uk/	Web Site/Page
Species 2000 - indexing the world's known species: http://www.sp2000.org/	Web Site/Page
The ARKive Project: http://www.arkive.org/	Web Site/Page
The Ecoport Project: http://www.ecoport.org	Web Site/Page
The Wildlife Trusts: http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/	Web Site/Page
Tree of Life (TOL) project: http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html	Web Site/Page
UK Wildlife discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ukwildlife/join	E-forum
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org	Web Site/Page
Wikispecies! A free directory of life: http://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page	Web Site/Page
1969	Vice County Maps
Abrahams, C., 2005	The ecology and management of drawdown zones
Ball, S.G., 1997	Recorder 3.3, A database for site-based species occurrence records
Grab a Grid Reference: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/keith.balmer/BNHS/focuson/getagridref/html/index.htm	Web Site/Page
BBC Weather: http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/ukweather/	Web Site/Page
PLANTGALLEN.COM - De site voor plantengallen bestuderend Nederland : http://www.plantengallen.com/ (Galls)	Web Site/Page
Bourn, N., Thomas, J., Stewart, K. & Clarke, R., 2002	Importance of habitat quality and isolation
Carter, I., Beebee, T. & Marren, P., 2003	Letters
Latin Pronunciation Demystified: http://www.ai.uga.edu/mc/latinpro.pdf	Latin Pronunciation Demystified
Crowle, A., 2007	Letting our carbon go free - the sustainable management of carbon and blanket peat in the English uplands
Moon Phase Calculator: http://www.dacre.net/moon/moonframe.html	Web Site/Page
Darwin, C., 1872	On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life
Davies, A. & I., 2002	Donating your land for wildlife - but who wants it?
Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC): http://www.magic.gov.uk	Web Site/Page
MARBEF - Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: http://www.marbef.org (Checklists of marine organisms (searchable database).)	Web Site/Page
Everett, S., 2004	The Quality of Nature in England
Ferneyhough, J., 2008	Thirty Years of Biological Surveying in the National Trust
Gaston, K.J. et al, 2007	Improving the contribution of urban gardens for wildlife: some guiding propositions
Gibbons, B. & L., 1996	Creating a Wildlife Garden
Gledhill, D., 1985	The Names of Plants
Hopkins, J., 2003	How is the countryside changing?
Hopkins, J., 2007	British Wildlife and Climate Change 2: Adapting to Climate Change
Hopkins, J., 2007	British Wildlife and Climate Change: 1. Evidence of Change
Biodiversity & Biological Collections: http://biocollections.org/	Web Site/Page
Conservation Designations for UK Taxa: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3408	Web Site/Page
Kerrich, G.L., Hawksworth, D.L. & Sims, R.W., 1978	Key Works to the Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Northwestern Europe
Marren, P., 2002	Introductions - are we conserving species at the expense of nature?
UK Weather Forecast - Met Office: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/uk/uk_forecast_weather.html	Web Site/Page
Proudman Oceanographic Laboratories:- Tide Predictions: http://www.pol.ac.uk/ntslf/tidalp.html	Web Site/Page
Pronunciation of Biological Latin: http://www.saltspring.com/capewest/pron.htm	Web Site/Page
Getamap: http://getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getamap/frames.htm	Web Site/Page
Rothschild, M. & Clay, T., 1968	Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos: A Study of Bird Parasites
Scott, M., 2008	Sea change: new masures to protect Britain's marine environment
Stearn, W.T., 1973	Botanical Latin: History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary
Stoate, C., 2002	Behavioural ecology of farmers: what does it mean for wildlife?
TuFuse: http://www.tawbaware.com/tufuse.htm	Web Site/Page
UK Biodiversity Action Plan: http://www.ukbap.org.uk	Web Site/Page
Image Analyzer: http://meesoft.logicnet.dk/Analyzer/	Web Site/Page
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page	Web Site/Page
Williams, M.A.J., 1994	Plant Galls

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