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BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)
Betula pendula Roth (Silver Birch)
Records (and photo sets)
Suggested Literature
Betula pendula may be covered by literature listed under:
Feeding and other inter-species relationships
Associated with Betula pendula:
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is associate of fruitbody |
Pholiota alnicola var. alnicola - Alder Scalycap (Agaricales: Strophariaceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [esp. on wet ground] |
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may have adult |
Cryptocephalus frontalis - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |
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Cox, M.L., 2007 |
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bark (dead, fallen, decayed) |
dead, fallen, decayed bark is decayed by fruitbody |
Leptosporomyces fuscostratus - a resupinate basidiomycete (Polyporales: Atheliaceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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branch (dead, attached) |
dead, attached branch is decayed by fruitbody |
Peniophora polygonia - a resupinate fungus (Russulales: Peniophoraceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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catkin (fallen) |
fallen catkin is grazed by mobile cased larva |
Cryptocephalus coryli - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |
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Cox, M.L., 2007 |
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cleistothecium (amphigenous) |
amphigenous cleistothecium is parasitised by live leaf |
Erysiphe ornata var. europaea - a powdery mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) |
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Ing, B., 1990
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 |
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conidial anamorph (sparse) |
sparse conidial anamorph is parasitised by live leaf |
Erysiphe ornata var. europaea - a powdery mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) |
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Ing, B., 1990
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 |
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fruit (live, wingless or with reduced wings) |
live, wingless or with reduced wings fruit is galled by larva |
Oligotrophus tarda - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) |
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Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall rounded, glabrous, usually just over 2mm long, by up to 2mm wide; with or without window pit] |
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fruit (reduced-winged) |
reduced-winged fruit is galled by larva |
Oligotrophus betulae - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) |
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Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall oval, more or less hairy, up to 2mm diam. and by 3mm tall, with distinct window pit.] |
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fruit pedicel |
fruit pedicel is galled by larva |
Oligotrophus skuhravae - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) |
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Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall on fruiting pedicel, up to 2mm long, by 1.5mm wide; without window pit] |
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leaf (fallen) |
fallen leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva |
Cryptocephalus coryli - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |
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Cox, M.L., 2007 |
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leaf (live) |
live leaf is galled by solitary larva |
Anisostephus betulinum - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) |
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Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 |
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leaf (live) |
live leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva |
Cryptocephalus nitidulus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |
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Cox, M.L., 2007 |
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leaf (live) |
live leaf is parasitised by |
Phyllactinia guttata - Hazel Mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) |
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Ing, B., 1990
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 |
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leaf, sapling (live) |
live leaf of sapling is grazed by adult |
Cryptocephalus nitidulus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |
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Cox, M.L., 2007 |
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leaf |
leaf is foodplant of adult |
Cryptocephalus coryli - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |
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Cox, M.L., 2007 [esp when coppiced] |
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leaf |
leaf is mined by larva |
Anoplus plantaris - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |
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Morris, M.G., 2002 |
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pollen, sapling (live) |
live pollen of sapling is grazed by adult |
Cryptocephalus nitidulus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) |
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Cox, M.L., 2007 |
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root (live) |
live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody |
Phellodon confluens - Fused Tooth (Thelephorales: Bankeraceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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root (live) |
live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody |
Thelephora palmata - Stinking Earthfan (Thelephorales: Thelephoraceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acid soil] |
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stick (dead, fallen, decayed) |
dead, fallen, decayed stick is decayed by fruitbody |
Steccherinum ochraceum - a resupinate spine fungus (Polyporales: Steccherinaceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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trunk (live) |
live trunk is parasitised by fruitbody |
Ganoderma resinaceum - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Ganodermataceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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twig (dead, fallen, decayed) |
dead, fallen, decayed twig is decayed by fruitbody |
Steccherinum ochraceum - a resupinate spine fungus (Polyporales: Steccherinaceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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twig (fallen) |
fallen twig is decayed by sessile, clustered, erumpent through cracks in bark, sessile apothecium |
Pezicula carnea - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) |
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Robinson, K., 2007 |
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twig |
twig is galled by |
Taphrina betulina - a tongue fungus (Taphrinales: Taphrinaceae) |
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Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 ["Birch Besom" or "Witch's Broom" gall] |
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wood (dead) |
dead wood is decayed by fruitbody |
Pleurotus pulmonarius - Pale Oyster (Agaricales: Pleurotaceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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wood (dead) |
dead wood is decayed by fruitbody |
Peniophora polygonia - a resupinate fungus (Russulales: Peniophoraceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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wood (dead, decayed) |
dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody |
Leptosporomyces fuscostratus - a resupinate basidiomycete (Polyporales: Atheliaceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
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wood (dead, fallen, decayed) |
dead, fallen, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody |
Pholiota alnicola var. alnicola - Alder Scalycap (Agaricales: Strophariaceae) |
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Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [esp. on wet ground] |
Betula pendula may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level
References
| Cox, M.L., 2007 |
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland |
| Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook |
| Ing, B., 1990 |
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews |
| Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 |
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota |
| Morris, M.G., 2002 |
True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae |
| Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 |
Plant Galls |
| Robinson, K., 2007 |
A Mycologist's Diary |
| Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 |
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls |
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