BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Betula (birches)

Subtaxa

Rank Taxon #photos #macrophotos #webs
Species Betula pendula Roth (Silver Birch) 8   29
Hybrid Betula pendula x pubescens (B. x aurata) Borkh. (Hybrid Birch)   11 1
Species Betula pubescens Ehrh. (Downy Birch) 7 10 21

Suggested Literature

Betula may be covered by literature listed under:

BIOTA
(living things)
Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)
PLANTAE
(plants)
SPERMATOPHYTA
(vascular plants)
MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)
MAGNOLIIDAE
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)
BETULACEAE
(birches)

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Betula:

Photos (fungus infected) fungus infected is associate of densely crowded, stromatic perithecium Nectria magnusiana - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [On Diatrypella favacea]
Photos (fungus infected) fungus infected is associate of stromatic Dendrodochium anamorph Nectria magnusiana - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [On Diatrypella favacea]
(live) live is associate of fruitbody Entoloma aethiops - a toadstool (Agaricales: Entolomataceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
(live) live is associate of fruitbody Entoloma allospermum - a toadstool (Agaricales: Entolomataceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
(live) live is associate of fruitbody Entoloma caeruleoflocculosum - a toadstool (Agaricales: Entolomataceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos (pyrenomycete infection) pyrenomycete infection is associate of perithecium Nectria episphaeria - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
is foodplant of Hylocoetus dermestoides - a beetle (Coleoptera) Bullock, J.A., 1992
Photos is foodplant of Luperus flavipes - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is foodplant of Luperus longicornis - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is foodplant of larva Cryptorhynchus lapathi - Withy Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) UK/Ireland Questionable Morris, M.G., 2002
is foodplant of Polydrusus cervinus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Major Morris, M.G., 1997
Photos is foodplant of Polydrusus flavipes - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Morris, M.G., 1997
is foodplant of Polydrusus marginatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Major Morris, M.G., 1997
Photos is foodplant of Polydrusus pterygomalis - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Morris, M.G., 1997
is foodplant of Polydrusus splendidus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Morris, M.G., 1997
Photos is foodplant of Polydrusus tereticollis - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Major Morris, M.G., 1997
is foodplant of Otiorhynchus scaber - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Morris, M.G., 1997
Photos is foodplant of Phyllobius argentatus - Silver-green Leaf Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Morris, M.G., 1997
Photos is foodplant of Phyllobius glaucus - a leaf weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Morris, M.G., 1997
Photos is foodplant of Phyllobius pyri - Common Leaf Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Major Morris, M.G., 1997
is foodplant of imago Psallus betuleti - a plantbug (Hemiptera: Miridae) UK/Ireland Nau, B.S., 1984
is foodplant of imago Psallus falleni - a plantbug (Hemiptera: Miridae) UK/Ireland Nau, B.S., 1984
is decayed by perithecium Nectria galligena - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
is associate of Coeliodes nigritarsis - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Coeliodes rubicundus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Curculio betulae - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Curculio rubidus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Rhynchaenus calceatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Rhynchaenus rusci - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Melandrya caraboides - a false darkling beetle (Coleoptera: Melandryidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Corticeus unicolor - a darkling beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Paraphotistus impressus - a click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of Diacanthous undulatus - a click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
is associate of fruitbody Agaricus lutosus - a mushroom (Agaricales: Agaricaceae) UK/Ireland Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of fruitbody Agaricus subfloccosus - a mushroom (Agaricales: Agaricaceae) UK/Ireland Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma aestivale - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma birrum - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on nutrient-rich soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma crustuliniforme - Poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma fragilipes - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma helodes - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on boggy soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma hetieri - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma leucosarx - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on boggy soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma populinum - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma groegeri - a toadstool (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on damp soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hebeloma vaccinum - a poisonpie (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) Questionable Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Naucoria bohemica - an aldercap (Agaricales: Bolbitiaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on damp soil]
is associate of fruitbody Galerina viscidula - a toadstool (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil, with moss]
is associate of fruitbody Hebelomina neerlandica - a toadstool (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Melanomphalia nigrescens - an ear fungus (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos is associate of fruitbody Entoloma sinuatum - Livid Pinkgill (Agaricales: Entolomataceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of fruitbody Entoloma turbidum - a toadstool (Agaricales: Entolomataceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on sandy soil on heathland]
is associate of fruitbody Entoloma minutum - a toadstool (Agaricales: Entolomataceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on damp soil]
is associate of fruitbody Entoloma testaceum - a toadstool (Agaricales: Entolomataceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on boreal and subalpine soil]
is associate of fruitbody Lycoperdon caudatum - Pedicel Puffball (Agaricales: Lycoperdaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [sandy or calcareous soil, esp. dunes]
Photos is associate of fruitbody Lycoperdon echinatum - Spiny Or Hedgehog Puffball (Agaricales: Lycoperdaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [esp. calcareous soil]
is associate of fruitbody Hohenbuehelia petaloides - an oyster fungus (Agaricales: Pleurotaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil]
is associate of fruitbody Psathyrella ploddensis - a brittlestem (Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of fruitbody Pholiota mixta - a scalycap (Agaricales: Strophariaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos is associate of fruitbody Hygrocybe cantharellus - Goblet Waxcap (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of fruitbody Leucopaxillus paradoxus - a funnel (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of fruitbody Tephrocybe boudieri - a greyling (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on calcareous soil]
Photos is associate of basidiome Chalciporus piperatus - Peppery Bolete (Boletales: Boletaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos is associate of basidiome Cantharellus cibarius - Chanterelle (Cantharellales: Cantharellaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of basidiome Cantharellus ferruginascens - a chanterelle (Cantharellales: Cantharellaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos is associate of basidiome Cantharellus tubaeformis - Trumpet Chanterelle (Cantharellales: Cantharellaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos is associate of fruitbody Hydnum repandum - Wood Hedgehog, Hedgehog Fungus (Cantharellales: Hydnaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
is associate of fruitbody Geastrum lageniforme - Flask Earthstar (Phallales: Geastraceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil amongst litter]
is associate of fruitbody Clavariadelphus ligula - a fairy club (Phallales: Gomphaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
may have adult Cryptocephalus bipunctatus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Cox, M.L., 2007
may have adult Cryptocephalus sexpunctatus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Cox, M.L., 2007
may have adult Orsodacne humeralis - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae) Cox, M.L., 2007
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph Cryptocoryneum condensatum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by hysterothecium Farlowiella carmichaeliana - an ascomycete (Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Acrogenospora dematiaceous anamorph Farlowiella carmichaeliana - an ascomycete (Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by grouped, superficial pseudothecium Tubeufia cerea - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Tubeufiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [often with or growing over Diatrype stigma, Lasiosphaeria hirsuta or Polydesmia pruinosa on this host]
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by colony of Helicosporium dematiaceous anamorph Tubeufia cerea - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Tubeufiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [often with or growing over Diatrype stigma, Lasiosphaeria hirsuta or Polydesmia pruinosa on this host]
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph Strossmayeria atriseda - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by Periconia dematiaceous anamorph Periconia cambrensis - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Spadicoides dematiaceous anamorph Spadicoides bina - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Trichosphaeriales: Helminthosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Taeniolina anamorph Taeniolina scripta - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Acladium anamorph Botryobasidium conspersum - a resupinate fungus (Cantharellales: Botryobasidiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos bark (decayed) decayed bark is decayed by fruitbody Hemimycena tortuosa - Dewdrop Bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [usually in wet places]
bark (rotten) rotten bark is decayed by effuse colony of Brachysporium dematiaceous anamorph Brachysporium bloxamii - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (rotten) rotten bark is decayed by effuse colony of Brachysporium dematiaceous anamorph Brachysporium britannicum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (rotten) rotten bark is decayed by effuse colony of Brachysporium dematiaceous anamorph Brachysporium nigrum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (rotten) rotten bark is decayed by effuse colony of Brachysporium dematiaceous anamorph Brachysporium obovatum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (rotten) rotten bark is decayed by apothecium Phaeohelotium flexuosum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (rotten) rotten bark is decayed by effuse colony of Sporoschisma dematiaceous anamorph Melanochaeta aotearoae - an ascomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (rotten) rotten bark is decayed by effuse colony of Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph Endophragmiella suttonii - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Sordariales: Lasiosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark (scorched) scorched bark is foodplant of larva Melanophila acuminata - a jewel beetle (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Minor Bullock, J.A., 1992
bark (under very wet) under very wet bark is decayed by larva Sphegina - a genus of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) Rotheray, G.E., 1993
bark (under) under bark is associate of larva Schizotus pectinicornis - Scarce Cardinal Beetle (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
bark (wet, living) wet, living bark is decayed by fruitbody Mycena clavicularis - a bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos bark, stump, log (under well decayed) under well decayed bark of stump, log is associate of larva Microdon analis - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) Rotheray, G.E., 1993
bark bark is decayed by scattered sporodochium of Bactrodesmium dematiaceous anamorph Bactrodesmium obovatum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Dothideales) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark is decayed by hysterothecium Hysterium pulicare - an ascomycete (Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark is decayed by gregarious apothecium Clavidisculum microsporum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark is decayed by effuse colony of Mariannaea anamorph Mariannaea elegans - an anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark is decayed by Oidiodendron dematiaceous anamorph Oidiodendron tenuissimum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Myxotrichaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos bark bark is decayed by apothecium Orbilia xanthostigma - Common Glasscup (Orbiliaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark is decayed by perithecium Nectria viridescens - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark is decayed by colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph Chaetosphaeria ovoidea - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark is decayed by effuse colony of Virgaria dematiaceous anamorph Virgaria nigra - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
bark bark may house hibernating naked prepupa Allantus togatus - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) Questionable Benson, R.B., 1952
branch (attached, dead) attached, dead branch is decayed by dematiaceous anamorph Melanconis stilbostoma - an ascomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially over-crowded self-sown saplings]
branch (attached, dead) attached, dead branch is decayed by immersed, ring clustered perithecium Melanconis stilbostoma - an ascomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially over-crowded self-sown saplings]
Photos branch (attached, dead) attached, dead branch is decayed by immersed, clustered, stromatic perithecium Diatrypella favacea - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (attached, dead) attached, dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Diatrypella favacea - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (attached, dead) attached, dead branch is decayed by stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (attached, dead) attached, dead branch is decayed by stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (bark) (dead) dead branch (bark) is decayed by superficial thyriothecium Stomiopeltis betulae - a fly speck fungus (Micropeltidaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (bark) (dead) dead branch (bark) is decayed by sporodochium of Septotrullula dematiaceous anamorph Septotrullula bacilligera - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (corticate) (dead) dead branch (corticate) is decayed by erumpent through bark stroma Hypoxylon rutilum - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by sporodochium of Bactrodesmium dematiaceous anamorph Bactrodesmium betulicola - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Dothideales) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by becoming superficial perithecium Neopeckia fulcita - a pyrenomycete (Dothideales) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by hysterothecium Gloniopsis praelonga - an ascomycete (Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed in bark, visible through very small slit pseudothecium Pleomassaria siparia - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Pleomassariaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by substromatic, in small groups, under bark and lifting it pseudothecium Splanchnonema argus - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Pleomassariaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by sessile apothecium Mollisia cinerea - Common Grey Disco (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by sessile apothecium Mollisia ligni - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by sessile apothecium Mollisia melaleuca - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by sessile apothecium Mollisia ramealis - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by subiculate apothecium Tapesia lividofusca - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by clustered Coryne anamorph Ascocoryne sarcoides - Purple Jellydisc (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by often in large cluster apothecium Ascocoryne sarcoides - Purple Jellydisc (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by erumpent apothecium Bisporella citrina - Lemon Disco (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by short fat stalked apothecium Dencoeliopsis johnstonii - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph Strossmayeria basitricha - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Haplographium dematiaceous anamorph Dematioscypha dematiicola - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by apothecium Dematioscypha dematiicola - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by gregarious apothecium Hyaloscypha hyalina - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by somewhat short-stalked apothecium Lachnum corticale - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by apothecium Proliferodiscus pulveraceus - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, exposed by peeling back or shedding of host periderm apothecium Propolis farinosa - an ascomycete (Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by scattered, erumpent acervulus of Myxocyclus coelomycetous anamorph Myxocyclus polycystis - a coelomycete Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by apothecium Orbilia alnea - a glasscup (Orbiliaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stroma Pseudovalsaria foedans - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Boliniales: Boliniaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [containing 20 to 30 perithecia]
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, stromatic, in groups of 20-30 perithecium Pseudovalsaria foedans - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Boliniales: Boliniaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [containing 20 to 30 perithecia]
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by subcortical, in ring clusters perithecium Calosphaeria wahlenbergii - a pyrenomycete (Calosphaeriales: Calosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by crowded, in groups of 2-5 under loose periderm perithecium Sydowiella ambigua - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of 3-5, stromatic perithecium Valsella adhaerens - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed stroma Valsella adhaerens - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of 3-5 perithecium Valsella polyspora - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, stromatic perithecium Xenotypa aterrima - a stromatic pyreomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse, often large stroma Xenotypa aterrima - a stromatic pyreomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by superficial stroma Hypocrea argillacea - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by superficial stroma Hypocrea gelatinosa - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by sporodochium of Tubercularia anamorph Nectria cinnabarina - Coral Spot (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stromatic, in clusters of up to 15 perithecium Nectria cinnabarina - Coral Spot (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium Nectria coccinea - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Nectria coccinea - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pleurothecium dematiaceous anamorph Pleurothecium recurvatum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by subcortical, clustered, subiculate perithecium Enchnoa lanata - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Nitschkiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [raises and sometimes cracks the bark]
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stroma Eutypa maura - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by subepidermal acervulus of Libertella coelomycetous anamorph Libertella betulina - a coelomycete (Xylariales) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stroma Hypoxylon fuscum - Hazel Woodwart (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by Nodulisporium anamorph Hypoxylon fuscum - Hazel Woodwart (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by Geniculosporium anamorph Hypoxylon howeanum - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stroma Hypoxylon howeanum - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by Nodulisporium anamorph Hypoxylon multiforme - Birch Woodwart (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by thin, often poorly developed stroma Nemania confluens - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by partly immersed, weakly stromatic perithecium Nemania confluens - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by Nodulisporium anamorph Nemania confluens - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Geniculosporium dematiaceous anamorph Nemania serpens - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by superficial or erumpent stroma Nemania serpens - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by fruitbody Oudemansiella mucida - Porcelain Toadstool Or Poached Egg Toadstool (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [often high in canop]
branch (dead) dead branch may have long, golden spore tendril of Libertella coelomycetous anamorph Libertella betulina - a coelomycete (Xylariales) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, attached) dead, attached branch is decayed by fruitbody Peniophora quercina - a resupinate fungus (Russulales: Peniophoraceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (dead, attached) dead, attached branch is decayed by fruitbody Exidia repanda - a jelly fungus (Tremellales: Exidiaceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (dead, corticate) dead, corticate branch is decayed by sessile, densely clustered, erumpent apothecium Mollisia caespiticia - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, corticate) dead, corticate branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Hypoxylon multiforme - Birch Woodwart (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back) dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch is decayed by widely effused stroma Diatrype stigma - Common Tarcrust (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back) dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch is decayed by stromatic, immersed perithecium Diatrype stigma - Common Tarcrust (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead, decorticate) dead, decorticate branch is decayed by hysterothecium Hysterium angustatum - an ascomycete (Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, decorticate) dead, decorticate branch is decayed by effuse stroma Hypoxylon multiforme - Birch Woodwart (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead, decorticate, attached) dead, decorticate, attached branch is decayed by fruitbody Vuilleminia comedens - Waxy Crust (Polyporales: Corticiaceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by effuse colony of Septonema dematiaceous anamorph Septonema secedens - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Dothideales) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by extensively subiculate apothecium Tapesia fusca - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by stalked apothecium Hymenoscyphus calyculus - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by short-stalked apothecium Hymenoscyphus laetus - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [in wet places]
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by fruitbody Polyporus tuberaster - Tuberous Polypore (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by fruitbody Trametes hirsuta - Hairy Bracket (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [esp. calcareous soil]
Photos branch (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch is decayed by fruitbody Micromphale brassicolens var. brassicolens - Cabbage Parachute (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (dead, fungus infected) dead, fungus infected branch is associate of perithecium Cosmospora purtonii - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [on effete, often valsoid pyrenomycetes]
branch (dead, newly fallen) dead, newly fallen branch is decayed by dematiaceous anamorph Melanconis stilbostoma - an ascomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially over-crowded self-sown saplings]
branch (dead, newly fallen) dead, newly fallen branch is decayed by immersed, ring clustered perithecium Melanconis stilbostoma - an ascomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially over-crowded self-sown saplings]
Photos branch (dead, often rotten) dead, often rotten branch is decayed by perithecium Nectria peziza - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dead, partly buried) dead, partly buried branch is decayed by erect stroma Xylaria hypoxylon - Candle-snuff Or Stag's-horn Fungus (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (decorticate) (dead) dead branch (decorticate) is decayed by effuse stroma Hypoxylon rutilum - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (decorticate) decorticate branch is decayed by stalked apothecium Lachnum papyraceum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (dying) dying branch is parasitised by fruitbody Oudemansiella mucida - Porcelain Toadstool Or Poached Egg Toadstool (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Questionable Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [weakly parasitic?]
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph Pseudospiropes obclavatus - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Pleosporales: Melanommataceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by long slender stalked apothecium Lachnum pygmaeum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [lying in grass or partly buried in soil]
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Helminthosporium velutinum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Pleosporales: Pleomassariaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Phaeoisaria dematiaceous anamorph Phaeoisaria clematidis - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Calosphaeriales: Calosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph Chaetosphaeria innumera - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium Chaetosphaeria innumera - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium Melanopsammella inaequalis - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially when covered by leaf mould]
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Gonytrichum dematiaceous anamorph Melanopsammella inaequalis - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Chaetosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially when covered by leaf mould]
branch (large) (dead, decayed, fallen) dead, decayed, fallen branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Mycena epipterygioides - a bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos branch (large) (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Stereum subtomentosum - Yellow Curtain Crust (Russulales: Stereaceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Simocybe centunculus var. centunculus - Dingy Twiglet (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos branch (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Simocybe sumptuosa - a twiglet (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos branch (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Panellus serotinus - Olive Oysterling (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos branch (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Panus conchatus - Lilac Oysterling (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Skeletocutis vulgaris - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [often fruiting inside rot pockets]
Photos branch (large) (decayed) decayed branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Crepidotus applanatus var. applanatus - Flat Oysterling (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (live, decorticate) live, decorticate branch is decayed by fruitbody Vuilleminia comedens - Waxy Crust (Polyporales: Corticiaceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (lower), old branch (lower) of old may have adult Cryptocephalus querceti - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Foreign Cox, M.L., 2007
Photos branch (newly fallen) newly fallen branch is decayed by immersed, clustered, stromatic perithecium Diatrypella favacea - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (newly fallen) newly fallen branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Diatrypella favacea - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (old, dead, fallen) old, dead, fallen branch is decayed by fruitbody Basidioradulum radula - Toothed Crust (Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (rotten, decorticate) rotten, decorticate branch is decayed by often long-stalked apothecium Lachnum brevipilosum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (small) (dead, attached) dead, attached branch (small) is decayed by stromatic, in groups of up to 10 perithecium Pseudovalsa lanciformis - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (small) (dead, attached) dead, attached branch (small) is decayed by erumpent Coryneum coelomycetous anamorph Pseudovalsa lanciformis - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (small) (dead, attached) dead, attached branch (small) is decayed by immersed in bark, appearing through transverse slits stroma Pseudovalsa lanciformis - a stromatic pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (small) (dead, attached) dead, attached branch (small) is decayed by fruitbody Macrotyphula fistulosa var. contorta - a pipe club (Agaricales: Clavariaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos branch (small) (dead, still attached to fallen tree) dead, still attached to fallen tree branch (small) is decayed by fruitbody Polyporus brumalis - Winter Polypore (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) Major Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (small) (fallen) fallen branch (small) is decayed by solitary apothecium Godronia urceolus - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch (small, decorticated, fallen) small, decorticated, fallen branch may have epiphytic fruitbody Antrodia albida - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Meripilaceae) UK/Ireland Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch (thick, bark) (felled) felled branch (thick, bark) is decayed by effuse colony of Monodictys dematiaceous anamorph Monodictys paradoxa - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Dothideales) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch (thin) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch (thin) is decayed by fruitbody Postia subcaesia - Bluing Bracket (Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate) dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium Melanomma pulvis-pyrius - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Melanommataceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate) dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Melanomma pulvis-pyrius - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Melanommataceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch branch is swollen by stromatic pseudothecium Botryosphaeria obtusa - an ascomycete (Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [causes cankers and dieback]
branch branch is swollen by immersed stroma Botryosphaeria obtusa - an ascomycete (Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [causes cankers and dieback]
branch branch is decayed by sessile apothecium Pezizella leucostigma - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch branch is decayed by conidioma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph Valsa ambiens - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [extending uniformly along the whole length of twigs and branches]
branch branch is decayed by immersed, grouped in circles perithecium Valsa ambiens - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [extending uniformly along the whole length of twigs and branches]
branch branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium Valsa ceratosperma - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch branch is decayed by erumpent conidioma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph Valsa ceratosperma - a valsoid pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
branch branch is decayed by immersd, often in small groups perithecium Coronophora angustata - a pyrenomycete (Sordariales: Nitschkiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos branch branch is decayed by cyphelloid basidiocarp Merismodes anomala - a cyphelloid basidiomycete (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos bud (live) live bud is galled by colony Phytoptus rudis - a gall mite (Tarsonemoidea: Eriophyidae) Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [causes "Big Bud Gall"]
bud (vegetative) bud (vegetative) may contain larva Rhynchites longiceps - a leafroller weevil (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) Morris, M.G., 1990
bud (vegetative) bud (vegetative) may contain larva Rhynchites nanus - a leafroller weevil (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) Major Morris, M.G., 1990
Bullock, J.A., 1992
cambium cambium may contain larva Scolytus ratzeburgi - a bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
cambium cambium is mined by larva Cerylon ferrugineum - a cerylonid beetle (Coleoptera: Cerylonidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
Photos catkin (female) (ripe) ripe catkin (female) may contain nymph Kleidocerys resedae - a ground bug (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) UK/Ireland Hawkins, R.D., 1985
Photos catkin (female) (young) young catkin (female) may contain nymph Kleidocerys resedae - a ground bug (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) UK/Ireland Hawkins, R.D., 1985
Photos catkin (female) (young) young catkin (female) has sap sucked by nymph Elasmostethus interstinctus - Birch Shieldbug (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae) UK/Ireland Hawkins, R.D., 1985
Photos catkin (female) (young) young catkin (female) has sap sucked by nymph Elasmucha grisea - Parent Bug (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae) UK/Ireland Hawkins, R.D., 1985
Photos catkin (female) catkin (female) may contain larva Apion simile - a seed weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae) Restricted Morris, M.G., 1990
Bullock, J.A., 1992
catkin catkin is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Xyela julii - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) Major Benson, R.B., 1951
cavity, stump (large mould-filled) large mould-filled cavity of stump may contain larva Trichius fasciatus - Bee Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Jessop, L., 1986
Photos debris (dead) dead debris is decayed by long stalked apothecium Lachnum virgineum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos debris debris is decayed by fruitbody Marasmius torquescens - a toadstool (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
flower (live) live flower is grazed by adult Clytra laeviuscula - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Foreign Cox, M.L., 2007
inside acorn cup (dead) dead inside acorn cup is decayed by colony of Helicosporium dematiaceous anamorph Tubeufia cerea - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Tubeufiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [often with or growing over Diatrype stigma, Lasiosphaeria hirsuta or Polydesmia pruinosa on this host]
inside bark inside bark is decayed by scattered sporodochium of Bactrodesmium dematiaceous anamorph Bactrodesmium atrum - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Dothideales) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
inside bark inside bark is decayed by subiculate, sessile apothecium Arachnopeziza aurata - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Minor Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by immersed pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph Coleophoma empetri - a coelomycete Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by clustered stroma Atopospora betulina - a fungus (Pleosporales: Venturiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by apothecium Coccomyces coronatus - a discomycete (Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Mirandina dematiaceous anamorph Mirandina corticola - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by immersed or partly immersed pycnidium of Coniella coelomycetous anamorph Coniella castaneicola - a coelomycete (Diaporthales: Melanconidaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by hypophyllous, mostly immersed perithecium Apiognomonia errabunda - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Fusidium anamorph Fusidium griseum - an anamorphic fungus (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph Sporidesmium goidanichii - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed pseudothecium Venturia ditricha - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Venturiaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by apothecium Trichodiscus diversipilus - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by stalked apothecium Betulina fuscostipitata - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by apothecium Calycellina leucella - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by erumpent, subsessile apothecium Calycellina populina - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by apothecium Phialina lachnobrachya - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by apothecium Unguiculella foliicola - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed or erumpent perithecium Gnomonia alni-viridis - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae) Major Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (dead, fallen, among wet Sphagnum) dead, fallen, among wet Sphagnum leaf is decayed by sessile apothecium Leucoscypha erminea - a discomycete (Pezizales: Pyronemataceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Photos leaf (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Marasmius androsaceus - Horsehair Parachute (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos leaf (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Marasmius bulliardii - a parachute (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Rare Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos leaf (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Marasmius torquescens - a toadstool (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos leaf (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Typhula erythropus - Redleg Club (Agaricales: Typhulaceae) Minor Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Photos leaf (faded, mouldy) faded, mouldy leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva Cryptocephalus parvulus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Major Captivity Cox, M.L., 2007
Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf (fallen, dead) fallen, dead leaf is decayed by conidioma of Pilidium coelomycetous anamorph Pilidium acerinum - a coelomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae) Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
leaf (live) live leaf is foodplant of adult Cryptocephalus punctiger - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Questionable Bullock, J.A., 1992
Photos leaf (live) live leaf is galled by colony Phytoptus rudis - a gall mite (Tarsonemoidea: Eriophyidae) Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [causes hypophyllous erineum in depression]
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva Cryptocephalus nitidulus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Bullock, J.A., 1992
Photos leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva Cryptocephalus parvulus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Captivity Cox, M.L., 2007
Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva Cryptocephalus pusillus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Captivity Cox, M.L., 2007
Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by adult Cryptocephalus labiatus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Major Cox, M.L., 2007
Photos leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by adult Cryptocephalus parvulus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Major Cox, M.L., 2007
Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by adult Cryptocephalus pusillus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Captivity Cox, M.L., 2007
Bulloc