BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Secale cereale L. (Rye)

Suggested Literature

Secale cereale may be covered by literature listed under:

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Secale cereale:

	(live)	live is parasitised by	Blumeria graminis - Grass Mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae)		Ing, B., 1990 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
		is foodplant of larva	Zabrus tenebrioides - a ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
		is foodplant of larva	Prionychus ater - a darkling beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992 [in decaying wood (!?) Some mistake here?]
	culm (live)	live culm is parasitised by linear, embedded sorus	Urocystis occulta - Stripe Smut Of Rye (Urocystales: Urocystaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	inflorescence (live)	live inflorescence is parasitised by sorus	Urocystis occulta - Stripe Smut Of Rye (Urocystales: Urocystaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	inflorescence (live)	live inflorescence is spotted by linear, long covered by epidermis telium	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	inflorescence	inflorescence is parasitised by Sphacelia anamorph	Claviceps purpurea - Ergot (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	inflorescence	inflorescence may be infected and damaged by sclerotium	Claviceps purpurea - Ergot (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Tapesia yallundae - an ascomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis - Black Stem Rust Of Cereals (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by mostly epiphyllous, scattered uredium	Puccinia recondita - Brown Rust (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, subepidermal telium	Puccinia recondita - Brown Rust (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by linear, embedded sorus	Urocystis occulta - Stripe Smut Of Rye (Urocystales: Urocystaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium anamorph	Rhynchosporium secalis - Leaf Blotch Or Scald Of Grasses - Causative Organism		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [Causes irregular blotches, up to 2.5cm long, at first water-soaked, later pale grey or greyish brown, sometimes zonate and often with dark reddish-brown margins.]
	leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by linear, mainly epiphyllous uredium	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [causes yellowed areas]
	leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by linear, long covered by epidermis telium	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf-mine	leaf-mine may house puparium	Chromatomyia nigra - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [anterior spiracles projecting through the epidermis]
	leaf	leaf is foodplant of larva	Oulema melanopa/rufocyanea agg. - cereal leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)		Cox, M.L., 2007 [larvae covered in excrement]
	leaf	leaf is foodplant of adult	Oulema melanopa/rufocyanea agg. - cereal leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)		Cox, M.L., 2007
	leaf	leaf may contain larva	Pseudonapomyza atra - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza ambigua - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza intermittens - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza nigrella - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza nigrociliata - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	leaf	leaf is mined by solitary larva	Agromyza rondensis - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [mine greenish]
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Chromatomyia nigra - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [mine long, narrow, whitish]
	leaf	leaf is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis - a coelomycete		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [Spots mostly near leaf edges and tips, oval, 2-5mm long, very pale brown or grey, with narrow purplish-brown borders]
	ovary	ovary may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus	Tilletia caries - Bunt Of Wheat (Tilletiales: Tilletiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [More or less eliminated by modern fungicides]
	seed (fallen)	fallen seed may be infected and damaged by long stalked apothecium	Gloeotinia granigena - Blind Seed Of Rye Grass - Causative Organism (Helotiales)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	sheath (dead)	dead sheath is decayed by scattered or in small groups, immersed pseudothecium	Pyrenophora tritici-repentis - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	sheath (dead)	dead sheath is decayed by immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Tapesia yallundae - an ascomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	sheath (live)	live sheath is parasitised by uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis - Black Stem Rust Of Cereals (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	sheath (live)	live sheath is parasitised by linear telium	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis - Black Stem Rust Of Cereals (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	sheath (live)	live sheath is spotted by immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium anamorph	Rhynchosporium secalis - Leaf Blotch Or Scald Of Grasses - Causative Organism		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [Causes irregular blotches, up to 2.5cm long, at first water-soaked, later pale grey or greyish brown, sometimes zonate and often with dark reddish-brown margins.]
	sheath	sheath is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis - a coelomycete		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [Spots mostly near leaf edges and tips, oval, 2-5mm long, very pale brown or grey, with narrow purplish-brown borders]
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria graminis - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by scattered or in small groups, immersed pseudothecium	Pyrenophora tritici-repentis - an ascomycete (Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Tapesia yallundae - an ascomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by linear telium	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis - Black Stem Rust Of Cereals (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis - Black Stem Rust Of Cereals (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (live)	live stem is spotted by linear, long covered by epidermis telium	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem	stem may contain larva	Cephus pygmeus - Wheat Stem Borer (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)		Benson, R.B., 1951
	stem	stem may contain larva	Trachelus tabidus - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)		Benson, R.B., 1951
	stem	stem may contain larva	Trachelus troglodyta - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)		Benson, R.B., 1951

Secale cereale may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

References