BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)
LEPIDOPTERA (butterflies and moths)
| Lab. techniques | Cremaster: Once the moth has emerged, the exuvium is available for examination and the cremaster is generally still intact. The more intricate cremasters are often strongly entangled in silk which is difficult to remove to examine the structure. A few minutes soaking in dilute KOH dissolves the silk. Unlike teasing it away with a needle, this does no damage but obviously cannot be applied to living pupae. |
Records (and photo sets)
| Taxon | Summary | Date | Vice-county | Country |  |
 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lepidoptera | Larva | 29 May 2006 | Berks | England | 9 | |
| Lepidoptera? | Caterpillar | 25 May 2006 | Berks | England | 11 | |
| Lepidoptera? | Caterpillar | 25 May 2006 | Berks | England | 4 | |
| Lepidoptera? | Caterpillar | 25 May 2006 | Berks | England | 3 | |
| Lepidoptera? | Caterpillar | 25 May 2006 | Berks | England | 6 | |
| Lepidoptera? | Caterpillar | 23 May 2006 | Berks | England | 5 | |
| Lepidoptera? | Caterpillar | 23 May 2006 | Berks | England | 3 | |
| Lepidoptera | Larva, cocoon | 4 October 2005 | Berks | England | 5 | 1 |
| Lepidoptera | Ova and young larvae | 17 September 2005 | Berks | England | 8 | |
| Lepidoptera | Pupa | 7 March 1971 | East Norfolk | England | 4 |
Subtaxa
| Rank | Taxon |  |
|
|
 |
 |
 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suborder | DACNONYMPHA (a suborder of micro-moths) | 2 | |||||
| Superfamily | ERIOCRANIOIDEA (a superfamily of micro-moths) | 2 | 6 | 44 | 4 | ||
| Suborder | DITRYSIA (the major suborder of moths) | 725 | 4610 | 763 | 57 | 265 | 829 |
| Suborder | EXOPORIA (swifts) | 4 | |||||
| Superfamily | HEPIALOIDEA (swifts) | 4 | 57 | 8 | 1 | 1 | |
| Suborder | MONOTRYSIA (a suborder of micro-moths) | 14 | |||||
| Superfamily | INCURVARIOIDEA (a superfamily of micro-moths) | 9 | 80 | 13 | 5 | 6 | |
| Superfamily | NEPTICULOIDEA (a superfamily of micro-moths) | 4 | 23 | 15 | 5 | 1 | |
| Superfamily | TISCHEROIDEA (a superfamily of micro-moths) | 1 | 4 | ||||
| Suborder | ZEUGLOPTERA (jawed micro-moths) | 2 | |||||
| Superfamily | MICROPTERIGOIDEA (jawed micro-moths) | 2 | 22 | 4 | 1 | ||
| Informal | (Macrolepidoptera) (Macro-moths) | 484 | 3678 | 320 | 32 | 175 | 637 |
| Informal | (Microlepidoptera) (Micro-moths) | 264 | 1122 | 527 | 30 | 109 | 195 |
Suggested Literature
Identification Works
General Works
| Breeding UK Leps discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/breeding_UK-Leps/join | E-forum |
| Moths Ireland: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/MothsIreland/join | E-forum |
| UK Leafminers discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ukleafminers/join (Leaf-miners) | E-forum |
| UK Leps discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/uk-leps/join | E-forum |
| UK Micromoths discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ukmicromoths/join | E-forum |
| UK Moths discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ukmoths/join | E-forum |
| Alexander, K.N.A., 2002 | The Invertebrates of Living and Decaying Timber in Britain and Ireland - a Provisional Annotated Checklist |
| Cribb, P.W., 1972 | Amateur's Guide to the Study of the Genitalia of Lepidoptera, An |
| Friedrich, E. (translated by S. Whitbread), 1986 (The classic work on rearing Butterflies and Moths) | Breeding Butterflies and Moths - a handbook for British and European species. |
| Caterpillar: external structures: http://www.ukleps.org/Webpics/Wp4.jpg (Labelled photograph of caterpillar) | Web Site/Page |
| Hammond, H.E. & Smith, K.G.V., 1953 | On some parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera bred from lepidopterous hosts. Part 1: with a description of Frontina laeta Mg., (Dipt: Larvaevoridae) |
| Hammond, H.E. & Smith, K.G.V., 1955 | On some parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera bred from lepidopterous hosts. Part 2: misc. records of Phoridae, Larvaevoridae (Dipt.), Braconidae, Ichneumonidae and Eulophidae (Hym.) |
| Hammond, H.E. & Smith, K.G.V., 1957 | On some parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera bred from lepidopterous hosts. Part 3: records of Tachinidae (Dipt.), Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, Eulophidae and Scelionidae (Hym.) |
| Migrant Recorders Network discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/migrantrecordersnetwork/join | E-forum |
| Parsons, M.S., Fox, R., Conrad, K.F., Woiwod, I.P. & Warren, M.S., 2005 | British moths: throwing light on a new conservation challenge |
| Sokoloff, P., 1980 | Practical Hints for Collecting and Studying the Microlepidotera |
| Winter, T.G., 1974 | New host records of Lepidoptera associated with afforestation in Britain |
LEPIDOPTERA may also be covered by literature listed under:
|
BIOTA (living things) |
Eukaryota (eukaryotes) |
ANIMALIA (animals) |
ARTHROPODA (arthropods) |
HEXAPODA (hexapods) |
INSECTA (insects) |
Feeding and other inter-species relationships
Associated with LEPIDOPTERA:
Lepidoptera may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level
|
ANIMALIA (animals) |
INSECTA (insects) |
References
| Belshaw, R., 1993 | Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) |
| Darwin, C., 1875 | Insectivorous Plants |
| Dennis, R.W.G., 1978 | British Ascomycetes |
| Hawkins, R.D., 1985 | Some foods of Heteroptera larvae in the wild |
| Macdonald, M.A., in prep. | Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates |
| van Emden, F.I., 1954 | Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae |
| Waterhouse, G.M. & Brady, B.L., 1982 | Key to the Species of Entomophthora sensu lato |
