BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Betula pubescens Ehrh. (Downy Birch)

Records (and photo sets)

Taxon	Summary	Date	Vice-county	Country
Betula pubescens	Plant	9 June 2001	Berks	England		10
Betula pubescens	Tree	8 April 2001		England	5
Betula pubescens	Plant	8 April 2000	Berks	England	1
Betula pubescens	Tree	27 May 1979	Surrey	England	1

Suggested Literature

Betula pubescens may be covered by literature listed under:

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Betula pubescens:

	is parasitised by	Erysiphe ornata var. europaea - a powdery mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae)		Ing, B., 1990
	is parasitised by	Phyllactinia guttata - Hazel Mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae)		Ing, B., 1990
	has sap sucked by	Betulaphis quadrituberculata - an aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1989
	has sap sucked by solitary	Euceraphis punctipennis - an aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1989
	has sap sucked by	Glyphina betulae - an aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1989
fruit (live, wingless or with reduced wings)	live, wingless or with reduced wings fruit is galled by larva	Oligotrophus tarda - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall rounded, glabrous, usually just over 2mm long, by up to 2mm wide; with or without window pit]
fruit (reduced-winged)	reduced-winged fruit is galled by larva	Oligotrophus betulae - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall oval, more or less hairy, up to 2mm diam. and by 3mm tall, with distinct window pit.]
fruit pedicel	fruit pedicel is galled by larva	Oligotrophus skuhravae - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall on fruiting pedicel, up to 2mm long, by 1.5mm wide; without window pit]
leaf (live)	live leaf is galled by solitary larva	Anisostephus betulinum - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [deep, circular, mainly epiphyllous, blister, 2.5mm diam., 1.5mm deep, on or between veins, yellowish to reddish or purple; no green island.]
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Anoplus plantaris - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Morris, M.G., 2002
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Fenusa pusilla - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Messa nana - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
twig	twig is galled by	Taphrina betulina - a tongue fungus (Taphrinales: Taphrinaceae)		Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 ["Birch Besom" or "Witch's Broom" gall]

Betula pubescens may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

References