BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Betula pendula Roth (Silver Birch)

Records (and photo sets)

Taxon	Summary	Date	Vice-county	Country
Betula pendula	Tree	27 March 2005	Berks	England	1
Betula pendula	Plant	8 April 2000	Berks	England	7

Suggested Literature

Betula pendula may be covered by literature listed under:

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Betula pendula:

	is parasitised by	Erysiphe ornata var. europaea - a powdery mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae)		Ing, B., 1990
	is parasitised by	Phyllactinia guttata - Hazel Mildew (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae)		Ing, B., 1990
fruit (live, wingless or with reduced wings)	live, wingless or with reduced wings fruit is galled by larva	Oligotrophus tarda - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall rounded, glabrous, usually just over 2mm long, by up to 2mm wide; with or without window pit]
fruit (reduced-winged)	reduced-winged fruit is galled by larva	Oligotrophus betulae - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall oval, more or less hairy, up to 2mm diam. and by 3mm tall, with distinct window pit.]
fruit pedicel	fruit pedicel is galled by larva	Oligotrophus skuhravae - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [gall on fruiting pedicel, up to 2mm long, by 1.5mm wide; without window pit]
leaf (live)	live leaf is galled by solitary larva	Anisostephus betulinum - a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Anoplus plantaris - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Morris, M.G., 2002
twig	twig is galled by	Taphrina betulina - a tongue fungus (Taphrinales: Taphrinaceae)		Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 ["Birch Besom" or "Witch's Broom" gall]

Betula pendula may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

References