BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Abies (firs)

Subtaxa

Rank	Taxon
Species	Abies alba Miller (European Silver-fir)	22
Species	Abies amabilis (Douglas) Forbes (Red Silver-fir)	2
Species	Abies cephalonica Loudon (Greek Fir)	7
Species	Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindley ex Hildebr. (Colorado White-fir)	3
Species	Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley (Giant Fir)	7
Species	Abies lowiana (Gordon) A.Murray (Low's Fir)	3
Species	Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach (Caucasian Fir)	9
Species	Abies pectinata (a silver-fir)	5
Species	Abies pinsapo Boiss. (Spanish Fir)	3
Species	Abies procera Rehder (Noble Fir)	4

Suggested Literature

Abies may be covered by literature listed under:

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Abies:

	(Adelgid-infected)	Adelgid-infected is associate of larva	Melangyna quadrimaculata - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1993
	(aphid infested)	aphid infested is associate of	Heringia - a genus of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1993 [feeding on Dreyfusia piceae]
	(live)	live is parasitised by aecium	Milesina dieteliana - a fern rust (Uredinales: Pucciniastraceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	(live)	live is parasitised by pycnium	Milesina dieteliana - a fern rust (Uredinales: Pucciniastraceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
		is foodplant of	Polydrusus pilosus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Morris, M.G., 1997
		is associate of	Laricobius erichsoni - a tooth-necked fungus beetle (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	bark	bark is decayed by perithecium	Nectria viridescens - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	branch (attached) (dead)	dead branch (attached) may have epiphytic fruitbody	Aleurodiscus amorphus - a basidiomycete (Russulales: Stereaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	branch (attached) (dying)	dying branch (attached) may have epiphytic fruitbody	Aleurodiscus amorphus - a basidiomycete (Russulales: Stereaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by stromatic, immersed, up to 20 per stroma perithecium	Leucostoma kunzei - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma	Leucostoma kunzei - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by in small groups, erumpent on thin stroma perithecium	Nectria pinea - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	branch (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen branch is decayed by fruitbody	Hymenochaete cruenta - a basidiomycete fungus (Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	branch (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed branch is decayed by fruitbody	Skeletocutis nivea - Hazel Bracket (Polyporales: Polyporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Cryphalus abietis - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Cryphalus piceae - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Dryocoetes autographus - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Hylurgops palliatus - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Ips typographus - Engraver Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Pityogenes chalcographus - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Pityogenes quadridens - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Tomicus minor - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Tomicus piniperda - Large Pine Shoot Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Xylechinus pilosus - a bark or ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cambium	cambium may contain larva	Xyloterus lineatus - Lineate Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	cone (decayed, buried or partly buried)	decayed, buried or partly buried cone is decayed by fruitbody	Auriscalpium vulgare - Earpick Fungus (Russulales: Auriscalpiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	cone (decayed, often partly buried)	decayed, often partly buried cone is decayed by fruitbody	Baeospora myosura - Conifercone Cap (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	log (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen log may have epiphytic fruitbody	Amylostereum chailletii - a resupinate fungus (Russulales: Stereaceae)		Eriksson, J., & Ryvarden, L., 1973 [cultivated spp.] Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	log	log may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Meripilaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	needle (decaying)	decaying needle is decayed by subepidermal, exposed by splitting apothecium	Phacidium abietinum - an ascomycete (Helotiales: Phacidiaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	needle (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead needle is decayed by conidioma of Pilidium coelomycetous anamorph	Pilidium acerinum - a coelomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	needle (living)	living needle is parasitised by mainly epiphyllous, subepidermal then erumpent pseudothecium	Delphinella abietis - an ascomycete (Dothideales: Dothioraceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	needle, litter (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed needle of litter is decayed by fruitbody	Hypholoma marginatum - Snakeskin Brownie (Agaricales: Strophariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	needle, litter (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed needle of litter is decayed by fruitbody	Ramaria abietina - a coral fungus (Phallales: Ramariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pachynematus montanus - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pachynematus scutellatus - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora abietina - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora ambigua - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora amphibola - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora compressa - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora saxsenii - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora subarctica - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1958
	needle	needle may house immersed pseudothecium	Botryosphaeria abietina - an ascomycete (Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	root (dead)	dead root may contain larva	Prionus coriarius - Tanner Or Sawyer Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	root (exposed)	exposed root may contain larva	Judolia sexmaculata - Three-banded Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Inocybe calamistrata - Greenfoot Fibrecap (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [acid soil]
	root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Amanita ceciliae - Snakeskin Grisette (Agaricales: Pluteaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Hygrophorus pustulatus - a woodwax (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acidic soil]
	root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Boletus subappendiculatus - a bolete (Boletales: Boletaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Lactarius rufus - Rufous Milkcap (Russulales: Russulaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acid soil]
	root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Lactarius salmonicolor - a milkcap (Russulales: Russulaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acid soil]
	root (moribund)	moribund root may contain larva	Prionus coriarius - Tanner Or Sawyer Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	root (wet, decaying)	wet, decaying root is decayed by larva	Xylota sylvarum - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1993
	sap run and decaying sap	sap run and decaying sap is decayed by larva	Xylota segnis - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1993
	sap run	sap run is decayed by larva	Xylota coeruleiventris - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1993
	sawdust (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed sawdust is decayed by fruitbody	Hypholoma marginatum - Snakeskin Brownie (Agaricales: Strophariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem	stem is galled by mycelium	Melampsorella caryophyllacearum - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniastraceae)		Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
	stick (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed stick is decayed by fruitbody	Skeletocutis nivea - Hazel Bracket (Polyporales: Polyporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stump (decayed)	decayed stump may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Meripilaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stump (relatively freshly cut, white rotted)	relatively freshly cut, white rotted stump is decayed by fruitbody	Pholiota squarrosa - Shaggy Scalycap (Agaricales: Strophariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [parasitic then saprobic]
	trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by fruitbody	Ganoderma applanatum - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Ganodermataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [parasitic then saprobic]
	trunk (esp. base) (dead, white rotted)	dead, white rotted trunk (esp. base) is decayed by fruitbody	Pholiota squarrosa - Shaggy Scalycap (Agaricales: Strophariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [parasitic then saprobic]
	trunk (esp. base) (live)	live trunk (esp. base) is parasitised by fruitbody	Pholiota squarrosa - Shaggy Scalycap (Agaricales: Strophariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [parasitic then saprobic]
	trunk (large) (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody	Ischnoderma benzoinum - Benzoin Bracket (Polyporales: Hapalopilaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	trunk (large, fallen)	large, fallen trunk may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Meripilaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	trunk (live)	live trunk is parasitised by fruitbody	Ganoderma applanatum - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Ganodermataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [parasitic then saprobic]
	twig	twig may have effuse colony of Antennatula dematiaceous anamorph	Antennatula pinophila - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus (Capnodiales: Euantennariaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	under bark (dead)	dead under bark may contain larva	Asemum striatum - Pine Longhorn, Pine-stump Borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Judolia sexmaculata - Three-banded Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Stictoleptura rubra - Red Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Rhagium bifasciatum - Two-banded Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Asemum striatum - Pine Longhorn, Pine-stump Borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Leucogyrophana romellii - a resupinate bolete (Boletales: Coniophoraceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia arguta - a resupinate fungus (Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Leptosporomyces galzinii - a resupinate basidiomycete (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Postia balsamea - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Ischnoderma benzoinum - Benzoin Bracket (Polyporales: Hapalopilaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by	Tubulicrinis subulatus - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Tubulicrinaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia pallidula - a resupinate fungus (Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Stereum sanguinolentum - Bleeding Conifer Crust (Russulales: Stereaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (dead, fallen, decaying)	dead, fallen, decaying wood is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia subalutacea - a resupinate fungus (Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood (decayed)	decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Amylostereum areolatum - a resupinate fungus (Russulales: Stereaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Pegler, D.N., 2002
	wood (decayed)	decayed wood may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha - a bracket fungus (Polyporales: Meripilaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	wood	wood may contain larva	Dryophilus pusillus - a wood boring beetle (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	wood	wood may contain larva	Tetropium gabrieli - Larch Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)		Bullock, J.A., 1992
	wood	wood is decayed by immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium	Diaporthe eres - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [immersed in wood with necks emerging through the bark]
	wood	wood is decayed by perithecium	Nectria viridescens - a pyrenomycete (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	woodships (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed woodships is decayed by fruitbody	Hypholoma marginatum - Snakeskin Brownie (Agaricales: Strophariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005

Abies may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

References