BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Sonchus (sow thistles)

Subtaxa

Rank	Taxon
Species	Sonchus arvensis L. (Perennial Milk-thistle)	23		14
Species	Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (Prickly Sow-thistle)	9		14
Species	Sonchus oleraceus L. (Smooth Sow-thistle)	20	5	17
Species	Sonchus palustris L. (Marsh Sow-thistle)			10
Species	Sonchus pinnatifidus (a cultivated sow-thistle)			1

Suggested Literature

Sonchus may be covered by literature listed under:

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Sonchus:

	(live)	live is parasitised by subepidermal telium	Coleosporium tussilaginis - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Coleosporiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	(live)	live is parasitised by uredium	Coleosporium tussilaginis - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Coleosporiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	(live)	live is parasitised by pycnium	Miyagia pseudosphaeria - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	inflorescence	inflorescence is galled by larva	Tephritis dilacerata - a gall fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)		Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
	leaf (base of midrib)	leaf (base of midrib) may house puparium	Ophiomyia cunctata - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	leaf (esp. basal) (live)	live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium	Miyagia pseudosphaeria - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (esp. basal) (live)	live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by hypophyllous telium	Miyagia pseudosphaeria - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (esp. basal) (live)	live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by uredinoid, amphigenous aecium	Miyagia pseudosphaeria - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	leaf (midrib, lamina)	leaf (midrib, lamina) is mined by larva	Ophiomyia beckeri - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [white mine along midrib with offshoots into leaf blade]
	leaf (midrib, lamina)	leaf (midrib, lamina) is mined by larva	Ophiomyia cunctata - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [white mine along midrib with offshoots into leaf blade]
	leaf (midrib, lamina)	leaf (midrib, lamina) is mined by larva	Ophiomyia pulicaria - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [white mine along midrib with short offshoots into leaf blade]
	leaf (petiole at base)	leaf (petiole at base) may house puparium	Ophiomyia pulicaria - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	leaf	leaf is galled by larva	Cystophora sonchi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Chromatomyia syngenesiae - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface]
	leaf	leaf is mined by often communal larva	Liriomyza sonchi - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [small primary blotch]
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Phytomyza marginella - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [mine both upper and lower surface, long, linear, conspicuously broad]
	leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Trypeta immaculata - a gall fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)		White, I.M., 1988
	root	root may be infected by Rhizoctonia anamorph	Helicobasidium purpureum - a ustilaginomycete (Helicobasidiaceae)		Fox, R.T.V., 2006 [large areas of roots covered by felt-like bright purplish violet to cinnamon mycelium]
	stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by telium	Miyagia pseudosphaeria - a rust fungus (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem	stem is foodplant of larva	Cheilosia vernalis - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)		Rotheray, G.E., 1993

Sonchus may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

References