BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Cirsium (a genus of thistles)

Subtaxa

Rank	Taxon
Species	Cirsium acaule (L.) Scop. (Dwarf Thistle, Stemless Thistle, Picnic Thistle)	11			8
Species	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Creeping Thistle)	2	17		58
Species	Cirsium dissectum (L.) Hill (Meadow Thistle)	15	6		11
Species	Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. (Woolly Thistle)	17			17
Species	Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill (Melancholy Thistle)	7			11
Species	Cirsium lanceolatum (a thistle)				1
Species	Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. (Cabbage Thistle)				8
Species	Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. (Marsh Thistle)	21	4		34
Species	Cirsium tuberosum (L.) All. (Tuberous Thistle)			1	3
Species	Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (Spear Thistle)	21		1	31
Species	Iris missourensis (a cultivated iris)				2

Suggested Literature

Cirsium may be covered by literature listed under:

BIOTA
(living things)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

PLANTAE
(plants)

SPERMATOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

MAGNOLIIDAE
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles - formerly Compositae)

Cardueae
(“thistles”)

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Cirsium:

	is foodplant of	Hadroplontus litura - a beetle (Coleoptera)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
	is foodplant of	Phyllobius viridicollis - a leaf weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1997
	is foodplant of	Tanymecus palliatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1997
	is foodplant of larva	Trichosirocalus horridus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
	is grazed by larva	Neocrepidodera ferruginea - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
	is grazed by larva	Neocrepidodera transversa - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
	is grazed by larva	Sphaeroderma rubidum - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
	is grazed by larva	Sphaeroderma testaceum - a flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
	has sap sucked by	Aphis - a genus of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989
	has sap sucked by	Brachycaudus - a genus of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989
	has sap sucked by	Capitophorus - a genus of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989
	has sap sucked by	Capitophorus carduinus - an aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989
	has sap sucked by	Capitophorus eleagni - an aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989
	has sap sucked by	Dactynotus - a genus of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989
capitulum	capitulum is galled by larva	Tephritis conura - a gall fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
capitulum	capitulum may contain larva	Larinus planus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
capitulum	capitulum may contain larva	Rhinocyllus conicus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
inflorescence	inflorescence is galled by larva	Urophora stylata - a gall fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
leaf (upper surface)	leaf (upper surface) is mined by larva	Phytomyza cirsii - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)	Spencer, K.A., 1972 [shallow whitish mine]
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Liriomyza strigata - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)	Spencer, K.A., 1972 [mine follows midrib with short offshoots along lateral veins]
leaf	leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva	Cryptocephalus exiguus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Cox, M.L., 2007
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Cassida rubiginosa - Thistle Tortoise Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Cassida vibex - a tortoise beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
leaf	leaf may have puparium	Phytomyza cirsii - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)	Spencer, K.A., 1972
pollen?	pollen? is foodplant of adult	Bruchidius varius - a seed beetle (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)	Cox, M.L., 2007
pollen?	pollen? is foodplant of adult	Orsodacne humeralis - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae)	Cox, M.L., 2007
root (after stem)	root (after stem) may contain larva	Cheilosia grossa - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1993 [look for multi-stemmed plants]
root	root is parasitised by underground tuber	Orobanche reticulata - Thistle Broomrape (Orobanchaceae)	Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985 Stace, C., 1997
rosette	rosette is foodplant of larva	Cheilosia proxima - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1993
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by apothecium	Pyrenopeziza revincta - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae)	Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Typhula micans - a minute club fungus (Agaricales: Typhulaceae)	Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
stem (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody	Lachnella villosa - a cyphelloid fungus (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae)	Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
stem (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stem is decayed by basidiome	Calyptella campanula - a cyphelloid fungus (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)	Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
stem (dead, decaying)	dead, decaying stem is decayed by fruitbody	Typhula uncialis - a minute club fungus (Agaricales: Typhulaceae)	Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
stem (dying)	dying stem is decayed by fruitbody	Typhula micans - a minute club fungus (Agaricales: Typhulaceae)	Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
stem (rotting)	rotting stem is decayed by almost sessile or shortly stalked apothecium	Pseudombrophila deerrata - a discomycete (Pezizales: Pyronemataceae)	Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stem (then root)	stem (then root) may contain larva	Cheilosia grossa - a hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1993 [look for multi-stemmed plants]
stem	stem is foodplant of larva	Lixus angustatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
stem	stem may contain larva	Agapanthia villosoviridescens - Golden-bloomed Grey Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)	Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007
stem	stem may contain larva	Apion gibbirostre - a seed weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1990 Bullock, J.A., 1992
stem	stem may contain larva	Apion onopordi - a seed weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1990 Bullock, J.A., 1992
stem	stem may contain larva	Cleonis piger - Large Thistle Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002 Bullock, J.A., 1992
stem	stem may contain larva	Lixus elongatus - a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Morris, M.G., 2002
stem	stem may contain larva	Mordellistena pumila - a tumbling flower beetle (Coleoptera: Mordellidae)	Bullock, J.A., 1992
stem	stem may contain larva	Melanagromyza aeneoventris - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)	Spencer, K.A., 1972
stem	stem has sap sucked by	Dactynotus aeneus - an aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989 [tend to drop off if disturbed]
stem	stem has sap sucked by	Dactynotus cirsii - an aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Rotheray, G.E., 1989 [tend to drop off if disturbed]
stem	stem may house puparium	Melanagromyza aeneoventris - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)	Spencer, K.A., 1972
stem?	stem? may contain larva	Apion carduorum - a seed weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae)	Morris, M.G., 1990 Bullock, J.A., 1992

Cirsium may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

MAGNOLIIDAE
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles - formerly Compositae)

References

Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985	Flora of the British Isles
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland
Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota
Morris, M.G., 1990	Orthocerous Weevils
Morris, M.G., 1997	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)
Morris, M.G., 2002	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae
Rotheray, G.E., 1989	Aphid Predators
Rotheray, G.E., 1993	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae
Stace, C., 1997	New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2)
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls

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