BioImages (UK)
BIOTA
(living things)
Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)
MYCETEAE
(fungi, moulds and lichens)
ASCOMYCOTA
(spore-shooters)
ASCOMYCETES
(spore shooters)
SORDARIOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of ascomycetes and lichens)
HYPOCREALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)
CLAVICIPITACEAE
(a family of pyrenomycetes)
Epichloë
(chokes)
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BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Epichloë (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul., 1865 (chokes)

Notes (MWS) Several flies of the genus Botanophila (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) lay their eggs on this fungus. Females fertilise the fungus by carrying spermatia between Epichloe mycelia.

Subtaxa

Rank Taxon #photos #macrophotos
Species Epichloë typhina (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul., 1865 (Choke) 14 3

Suggested Literature

Identification Works

Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005 Epichloë in Britain

General Works

Ackland, D.M., 1972 Note

Epichloë may also be covered by literature listed under:

BIOTA
(living things)		 Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)		 MYCETEAE
(fungi, moulds and lichens)		 ASCOMYCOTA
(spore-shooters)		 ASCOMYCETES
(spore shooters)

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Epichloë is associated with:

Poaceae - grasses - formerly Graminae endophyte within plant Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005
Poaceae - grasses - formerly Graminae infects and damages culms Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005 [causes sterility and prevents flowering]
Poaceae - grasses - formerly Graminae is symbiotic with plant Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005 [symbiotic in that it produces alkaloids which make the plant less palatable to herbivorous insects]
stroma Poaceae - grasses - formerly Graminae stroma causes gall of stem Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
stroma Agrostis - bent grasses (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stroma Bromus - a genus of bromes (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stroma Dactylis - cock's-foot grasses (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stroma Festuca gigantea - Giant Fescue (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stroma Festuca rubra agg. - red fescues (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stroma Holcus - soft-grasses (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stroma Phleum pratense sens.lat. - timothy (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
stroma Poa - meadow-grasses (Poaceae) stroma causes gall of stem Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997

Associated with Epichloë:

perithecium (developing stromatic) developing stromatic perithecium is grazed by larva Botanophila - a genus of anthomyiid flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Restricted
spermatium spermatium is self-fertilised by feeding larva Botanophila phrenione - an anthomyiid fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005
spermatium spermatium is cross-fertilised by ovipositing female Botanophila phrenione - an anthomyiid fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005
stroma (young) young stroma is grazed by larva Botanophila phrenione - an anthomyiid fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Restricted Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005 [Larvae consume over 40% of perithecial material on average.]
stroma stroma is grazed by larva Botanophila dissecta - an anthomyiid fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Ackland, D.M., 1972
stroma stroma is grazed by larva Botanophila laterella - an anthomyiid fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Ackland, D.M., 1972
stroma stroma is cross-fertilised by female Botanophila - a genus of anthomyiid flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Restricted

Epichloë may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

MYCETEAE
(fungi, moulds and lichens)		 ASCOMYCETES
(spore shooters)

References

Ackland, D.M., 1972 Note
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook
Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005 Fungi
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls