BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Bracken)

Records (and photo sets)

Taxon	Summary	Date	Vice-county	Country
Pteridium aquilinum	Plant	3 July 2005	Brecon	Wales	2
Pteridium aquilinum	Plant	3 July 2005	Brecon	Wales	2
Pteridium aquilinum	Plant	20 May 2001	Berks	England	1
Pteridium aquilinum	Plant	12 August 2000	Berks	England	8	8
Pteridium aquilinum	Plant	1 August 1971	South Devon	England	1
Pteridium aquilinum	Plant	6 June 1970	East Norfolk	England	1
Pteridium aquilinum	Plant	11 July 1969		Eire	1

Suggested Literature

General Works

Pteridium aquilinum may also be covered by literature listed under:

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Associated with Pteridium aquilinum:

	(live)	live is associate of fruitbody	Hygrocybe laeta var. laeta - Heath Waxcap (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	(near ant nest)	near ant nest may have adult	Cryptocephalus bipunctatus - a leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)		Cox, M.L., 2007
	(rotten)	rotten may contain larva	Fannia monilis - a lesser house fly (Diptera: Fanniidae)		van Emden, F.I., 1954
		is foodplant of	Procas granulicollis - a weevil (Coleoptera: Erirhinidae)		Morris, M.G., 2002
		is associate of	Aneugmenus fürstenbergensis - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
		is associate of	Aneugmenus temporalis - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
		is associate of fruitbody	Micromphale impudicum - a parachute (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
		is associate of fruitbody	Amanita fulva - Tawny Grisette (Agaricales: Pluteaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
		is associate of fruitbody	Ampulloclitocybe clavipes - Club Foot (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
		is associate of fruitbody	Tephrocybe confusa - a greyling (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acid soil]
		is associate of fruitbody	Scleroderma cepa - Onion Earthball (Boletales: Sclerodermataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on sandy soil]
		is associate of fruitbody	Geastrum triplex - Collared Earthstar (Phallales: Geastraceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on soil or humus, among debris on heathland]
		is associate of fruitbody	Lactarius camphoratus - Curry Milkcap (Russulales: Russulaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Leucoagaricus georginae - a dapperling (Agaricales: Agaricaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acidic soil]
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Mycena epipterygia - Yellowleg Bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acid soil]
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Mycena pterigena - a bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Tricholomopsis rutilans - Plums And Custard (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Scotomyces subviolaceus - a resupinate fungus (Ceratobasidiales: Ceratobasidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Oliveonia pauxilla - a jelly fungus (Ceratobasidiales: Oliveoniaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia griseliniae - a resupinate fungus (Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Leptosporomyces galzinii - a resupinate basidiomycete (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Luellia cystidiata - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Sistotrema oblongisporum - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Sistotremataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Phlebiella fibrillosa - a resupinate fungus (Polyporales: Xenasmataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Phlebiella filicina - a resupinate fungus (Polyporales: Xenasmataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris may have fruitbody	Tomentella radiosa - a resupinate fungus (Thelephorales: Thelephoraceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, decaying)	dead, decaying debris is decayed by fruitbody	Mycena clavularis - a bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Hypochnicium geogenium - a resupinate basidiomycete (Polyporales: Hyphodermataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (dead, fallen, decaying)	dead, fallen, decaying debris is decayed by toadstool	Mycena vulgaris - a bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acid soil]
	debris (decayed)	decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Hemimycena delectabilis - a toadstool (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (decayed)	decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Athelopsis lembospora - a basidiomycete (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (decayed)	decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Cristinia helvetica - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (decayed)	decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Boidinia furfuracea - a basidiomycete fungus (Russulales: Stereaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (decayed)	decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Basidiodendron spinosum - a basidiomycete fungus (Tremellales: Exidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris (decayed)	decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Endoperplexa enodulosa - a jelly fungus (Tremellales: Exidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is decayed by fruitbody	Galerina ampullaceocystis - a toadstool (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is decayed by fruitbody	Galerina cinctula - a toadstool (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is decayed by fruitbody	Galerina marginata - Funeral Bell (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is decayed by fruitbody	Botryobasidium danicum - a resupinate fungus (Cantharellales: Botryobasidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is decayed by fruitbody	Botryobasidium pruinatum - a resupinate fungus (Cantharellales: Botryobasidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is decayed by fruitbody	Phlebiella christiansenii - a resupinate fungus (Polyporales: Xenasmataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is decayed by fruitbody	Basidiodendron radians - a basidiomycete fungus (Tremellales: Exidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	debris	debris is associate of fruitbody	Ramariopsis kunzei - Ivory Coral (Agaricales: Clavariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	frond (damp, dead)	damp, dead frond is decayed by hypophyllous, short-stalked apothecium	Microscypha grisella - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (damp, dead)	damp, dead frond is decayed by hypophyllous apothecium	Phialina flaveola - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph	Chalara parvispora - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by often parallel stroma	Cryptomycina pteridis - a discomycete		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by conidioma of Cryptomycella coelomycetous anamorph	Cryptomycina pteridis - a discomycete		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by epiphyllous, immersed to erumpent pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta pteridis - a coelomycete		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [on very small, pale ochraceous spots with broad purplish-brown borders]
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by epiphyllous ascocarp	Monographos fuckelii - an ascomycete (Dothideales: Dothideaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by thyriothecium	Lichenopeltella nigroannulata - a fly speck fungus (Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by epiphyllous, often grouped, immersed pseudothecium	Mycosphaerella pteridis - an ascomycete (Mycosphaerellales: Mycosphaerellaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by epiphyllous, densely gregarious pseudothecium	Didymella lophospora - an ascomycete (Pleosporales)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by immersed, raising the epidermis pseudothecium	Didymella prominula - an ascomycete (Pleosporales)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by apothecium	Lachnum pteridialis - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by long stalked apothecium	Lachnum virgineum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by short-stalked apothecium	Psilachnum chrysostigmum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by sessile apothecium	Psilachnum pteridigenum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond is decayed by deeply immersed perithecium	Phomatospora endopteris - a pyrenomycete (Xylariales)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (dead)	dead frond may have epiphytic fruitbody	Athelia pyriformis - a resupinate fungus (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Eriksson, J., & Ryvarden, L., 1973 Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	frond (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed frond is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia detritica - a resupinate fungus (Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	frond (live)	live frond is foodplant of basidiome	Ceratobasidium anceps - a resupinate fungus (Ceratobasidiales: Ceratobasidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	frond (overwintered, dead)	overwintered, dead frond is decayed by hypophyllous, subepidermal, often stromatic apothecium	Cryptomycina pteridis - a discomycete		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond (vein) (dead)	dead frond (vein) is decayed by subcuticular, usually confluent thyriothecium	Leptopeltis pteridis - a fly speck fungus (Microthyriales: Leptopeltidaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	frond	frond is galled by larva	Dasineura filicina - Little Black Pudding Gall-midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)		Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986 ["Little Black Pudding" gall]
	frond	frond is mined by larva	Phytoliriomyza hilarella - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972 [short linear mine in single pinna]
	frond	frond is grazed by larva	Aneugmenus coronatus - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by larva	Strombocerus delicatulus - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by larva	Strongylogaster filicis - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by larva	Strongylogaster lineata - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by larva	Strongylogaster macula - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by larva	Strongylogaster xanthocera - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by nocturnal larva	Tenthredo colon - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by nocturnal larva	Tenthredo ferruginea - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is grazed by nocturnal larva	Tenthredo livida - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond is associate of larva	Aneugmenus padi - a sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)		Benson, R.B., 1952
	frond	frond may have puparium	Phytoliriomyza hilarella - a leaf-mining fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae)		Spencer, K.A., 1972
	litter (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed litter is decayed by fruitbody	Mycena amicta - a bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 [on acid soil]
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by linearly arranged, subepidermal then epidermis turns brown and opens by a slit conidioma of Camarographium coelomycetous anamorph	Camarographium stephensii - a coelomycete		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by effused Chalara dematiaceous anamorph	Chalara pteridina - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by ascocarp	Monographos fuckelii - an ascomycete (Dothideales: Dothideaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by subepidermal, splitting the epidermis stroma	Scirrhia aspidiorum - an ascomycete (Dothideales: Dothideaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by superficial, often confluent thyriothecium	Leptopeltis litigiosa - a fly speck fungus (Microthyriales: Leptopeltidaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by Pycnothyrium anamorph	Leptopeltis litigiosa - a fly speck fungus (Microthyriales: Leptopeltidaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by subcuticular, usually confluent thyriothecium	Leptopeltis pteridis - a fly speck fungus (Microthyriales: Leptopeltidaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by subepidermal, often confluent stroma	Rhopographus filicinus - Bracken Map (Pleosporales)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead)	dead petiole is decayed by erumpent conidioma of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Diaporthopsis pantherina - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	petiole (dead, locally brown)	dead, locally brown petiole is decayed by immersed perithecium	Diaporthopsis pantherina - a pyrenomycete (Diaporthales: Valsaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [lying beneath brown discoloured areas delimited by black lines]
	pinna (dead)	dead pinna is decayed by erumpent pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Coniothyrium pteridis - a coelomycete (Pleosporales: Leptosphaeriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	rachis (dead)	dead rachis is decayed by thyriothecium	Lichenopeltella nigroannulata - a fly speck fungus (Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	rachis (dead)	dead rachis is decayed by erumpent pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Coniothyrium pteridis - a coelomycete (Pleosporales: Leptosphaeriaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	rachis (dead, standing)	dead, standing rachis is decayed by fruitbody	Basidiodendron cremeum - a basidiomycete fungus (Tremellales: Exidiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	rhizome (dead)	dead rhizome is decayed by fruitbody	Marasmius undatus - a toadstool (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	rhizome (dying)	dying rhizome may be infected and damaged by fruitbody	Marasmius undatus - a toadstool (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	rootstock	rootstock may contain larva	Syagrius intrudens - Fern Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Morris, M.G., 2002 Bullock, J.A., 1992
	stem (base) (old, blackened)	old, blackened stem (base) is decayed by swarming apothecium	Micropodia pteridina - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [(E&E clearly had two different fungi in mind)]
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by immersed, raising the epidermis pseudothecium	Didymella prominula - an ascomycete (Pleosporales)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by short-stalked apothecium	Crocicreas cyathoideum var. cyathoideum - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by short-stalked apothecium	Crocicreas cyathoideum var. pteridicola - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially in axils of branches]
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by apothecium	Micropodia pteridina - a discomycete (Helotiales: Helotiaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially in the axils (E&E clearly had two different fungi in mind)]
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by apothecium	Lachnum pteridis - a discomycete (Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 [especially axils of branches]
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by immersed, exposed by irregualr splitting of epidermis apothecium	Mellitiosporium pteridinum - an ascomycete (Rhytismatales)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by effuse colony of Stachylidium dematiaceous anamorph	Stachylidium bicolor - a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Crepidotus luteolus - Yellowing Oysterling (Agaricales: Cortinariaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Marasmiellus vaillantii - Goblet Parachute (Agaricales: Marasmiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Luellia recondita - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Lindtneria trachyspora - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Corticiaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Phanerochaete martelliana - a resupinate fungus (Polyporales: Phanerochaetaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Litschauerella clematidis - a resupinate fungus (Polyporales: Tubulicrinaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by	Tubulicrinis regificus - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Tubulicrinaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by basidiome	Tulasnella brinkmannii - a basidiomycete fungus (Tulasnellales: Tulasnellaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody	Mycena arcangeliana - Angel's Bonnet (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody	Typhula quisquiliaris - Bracken Club (Agaricales: Typhulaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia griseliniae - a resupinate fungus (Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody	Trechispora stellulata - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Sistotremataceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (decayed)	decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody	Cristinia helvetica - a basidiomycete fungus (Polyporales: Atheliaceae)		Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
	stem (locally blackened, dead, standing)	locally blackened, dead, standing stem is decayed by apothecium	Mollisia pteridis sensu Gillet - a discomycete (Helotiales: Dermateaceae)		Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
	stem, side-shoot	stem, side-shoot is galled by larva	Monochroa cytisella - a micro-moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)		Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
	stem	stem may contain larva	Syagrius intrudens - Fern Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		Morris, M.G., 2002 Bullock, J.A., 1992

Pteridium aquilinum may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

References