BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK)

Massalongia betulifolia Harris (a gall midge)

Suggested Literature

Massalongia betulifolia may be covered by literature listed under:

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

Massalongia betulifolia is associated with:

	larva	Betula - birches (Betulaceae)	larva causes gall of leaf vein		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [shallow blister, elongate, diamond-shaped, mainly hypophyllous, green gall on yellowing leaf surrounded by green island]
	larva	Betula - birches (Betulaceae)	larva causes gall of leaf blade		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 [shallow blister, roughly circular (3mm diam.) mainly hypophyllous, green gall on yellowing leaf surrounded by green island]

There may be more taxa associated with Massalongia betulifolia listed at higher taxonomic level

Associated with Massalongia betulifolia:

	larva (cocooned)	cocooned larva is endoparasitoid host of larva	Gastrancistrus hamillus - a chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
	larva (gall-inhabiting)	gall-inhabiting larva is endoparasitoid host of larva (first instar)	Gastrancistrus hamillus - a chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
	larva	larva is ectoparasitoid host of larva	Tetrastichus xanthosoma - a chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
	larva	larva is endoparasitoid host of single larva	Tetrastichus brevinervis - a chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
	larva	larva is endoparasitoid host of single pupa	Tetrastichus brevinervis - a chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
	larva	larva is predated by imago	Tetrastichus brevinervis - a chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)		Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992

Massalongia betulifolia may be associated with more taxa listed at higher taxonomic level

References